Computer Controlled Robots - Compressed.pdf

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HOW TO MAKE
FOR C64, VIC 20, SPECTRUM & BBC
USBORNE ELECTRONIC WORKSHOP.
HOWTOMAKE
COMPUTER-CONTROLLED
Tony Potter
CONTENTS
2 How to use this book
3 About robots
4 Building a robot
6 Things you need
8 Robot construction tips
10 Making the robot base
12 How to make the shoulder
14 Making the arm
16 Making the gripper
20 Customizing your robot
22 Electronics and soldering
24 Electronic components
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
39
42
48
Making robot sensors
How to make a light sensor
Making a switching circuit
Connecting the robot, circuit
and computer
Test programs
Robot control program
Instructing your robot
Shopping list
Templates
Indexand
circuit diagram
Robot designed by Tony Potter and Chris Oxlade
Robot program by Chris Oxlade
Illustrated by Jererny Gower
Additional Illustrations by Simon Roulstone,
Chris Lyon, Jeremy Banks, Graham Round,
Diane Potter, Hussein Hussein.
Technical consultants: Colin Motteram,
John Hawkins and Bill Finder.
How to use this book
In this book you can find out
about computer-controlled
robots and how to make
them. There are step-by-step
instructions showing how to
build a robot which moves
around on wheels and picks
things up with its gripper.
This is shown below,
painted orange.
Building the robot
The book is divided into
sections, showing how to make
one part of the robot at a time. After
each section there are tests and checks to
make sure the part works properly before you
go on. At the back of the book there are
templates to copy and use to make all the robot
parts.
The robot is designed so
that you can make different
versions. If you like, you can
make a robot vehicle like the
blue one below (this is the
simplest version). Miss out
pages!2-19 to do this.
Alternatively, you could
make a stationary arm robot
by leaving off the wheels
and wheel motors. There are
also customizing ideas on
pages 20-21, so you can
make different
robots from
the same
design.
All versions of the robot
work with the computers
shown above. You need to
buy an extra part, called an
interface*, for the Spectrum.
There is a program at the
back of the book for these
computers, and a special set
of robot instructions, called
Robotrol, which you can use
to control the robot. There
are also test programs to
check the robot
works.
This
is a
robot
vehicle
with a
stomized
cover.
To connect your robot to
a computer, there is an
electronic circuit to
make. This controls the
four small battery-
powered motors, which
drive the robot. You
could invent a robot of
your own, with up to four
motors, and use this
circuit to control it.
All robots are precise
and accurate machines
with lots of moving parts
that have to fit together
for the robot to work. You
need to take your time
and follow the instructions
in this book very carefully
to be successful.
Throughout the book
there are lots of practical
hints and tips on robot
building, and
explanations of soldering
and electronics. There
are also added extras to
make for all versions.
* See pages 9 and 41.
This is the complete
version of the robot.
About robots
Real robots are quite different from those of
science fiction. They are computer-
controlled machines, programmed to use
tools or move goods. The study of them is
called robotics. Robots are used in industry,
sometimes replacing people, but often doing
work which is too dangerous for men and
women. Others, like the rob ot in this b ook
and some shown on this page, are for fun or
learning about robotics and computers.
Toy
mobile robol
Micro-robots
A micro-robot is a small robot controlled by a
home computer. These
pictures show some of
those available.
There are two main types of
Industrial
arm robot
robot. Those with wheels or
which move on tracks are called
mobile robots. Robots which can
hold things are called arm or
manipulative robots. The robot
to make in this book is an arm
and mobile robot combined.
Armdroid
This micro arm robot has joints at the
shoulder, elbow, wrist and base.
The directions in which the arm can
move are called axes of rotation.
Turtle
Using a computer
language called LOGO, the
Turtle can be programmed
to draw with a pen as it
moves around. LOGO uses
commands like "F 20" for
forward 20 units, or "L45"
for left 45 degrees.
Buggy
The Buggy is made from a
construction kit, and you
can add extra parts, like
an arm, on top. It has a
light sensor at the front
which detects the
difference between
"light" and "dark". You
can program a computer
to use this information to
make the Buggy follow a
line. The robot in this
book has a similar sensor.
o
?
Topo
Topo is designed as a
household help. With
sensors that are being
developed, it may
eventually find its way
around a house to do the
cleaning.
WF

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