02. David Walsh - The Cult of Mithras in Late Antiquity. Development, Decline and Demise ca. A.D. 270-430 (Late Antique Archaeology, Book 2) [Retail].pdf

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THE CULT OF MITHRAS IN LATE ANTIQUITY
LATE ANTIQUE
ARCHAEOLOGY
(SUPPLEMENTARY SERIES)
SERIES EDITOR
LUKE LAVAN
MANAGING EDITOR
MICHAEL MULRYAN
VOLUME 2
The titles published in this series are listed at
brill.com/laax
THE CULT OF MITHRAS
IN LATE ANTIQUITY
DEVELOPMENT, DECLINE AND DEMISE
CA.
AD 270–430
BY
DAVID WALSH
LEIDEN | BOSTON
Cover illustration: Modern Bull-Slaying Sculpture in the London Mithraeum. © Bloomberg.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Walsh, David (Lecturer in Classical and Archaeological Studies),
 author.
Title: The cult of Mithras in late antiquity : development, decline, and
 demise ca. A.D. 270–430 / by David Walsh.
Description: Leiden ; Boston : Brill, 2019. | Series: Late Antique
 Archaeology (Supplementary Series), ISSN 2352-5177 ; VOLUME 2 | Includes
 bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2018037207 (print) | LCCN 2018038584 (ebook) |
 ISBN 9789004383067 (ebook) | ISBN 9789004380806 (pbk. : alk. paper)
Subjects: LCSH: Mithras (Zoroastrian deity)—Cult. | Mithraism
Classification: LCC BL1585 (ebook) | LCC BL1585 .W335 2019 (print) |
 DDC 299/.15—dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018037207
Brill has made all reasonable efforts to trace all rights holders to any copyrighted material used in this work.
In cases where these efforts have not been successful the publisher welcomes communications from
copyright holders, so that the appropriate acknowledgements can be made in future editions, and to settle
other permission matters.
Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”. See and download: brill.com/brill-typeface.
issn 2352-5177
isbn 978-90-04-38080-6 (paperback)
isbn 978-90-04-38306-7 (e-book)
Copyright 2019 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Hes & De Graaf, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Rodopi,
Brill Sense, Hotei Publishing, mentis Verlag, Verlag Ferdinand Schöningh and Wilhelm Fink Verlag.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system,
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Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change.
This book is printed on acid-free paper and produced in a sustainable manner.
Contents
Foreword ix
List of Illustrations x
List of Abbreviations xii
Introduction 1
Religious Change in Late Antiquity: Changing Scholarly Views 2
The Cult of Mithras: A Brief Introduction 4
The Cult of Mithras in Late Antiquity: Changing Scholarly Views 12
The Structure of This Volume 13
Selecting the Evidence 13
A Note on Terminology 15
1 The Development of the Cult of Mithras in Late Antiquity 17
The Location of Mithraea 17
Mithraic Architecture 20
Mithraic Iconography 22
Patronage and Membership 25
Mithraic Hierarchies 29
Ritual Practice 30
Initiation Rituals 30
Sacrifices 31
Feasts 31
Votive Practices 32
The Ritual Fragmentation of Objects 33
Variations of the Name ‘Mithras’ 39
Conclusion 39
2 The Decline of the Cult I: The Evidence 42
Introduction 42
The Decline in Construction/Restoration of Mithraea 44
Mithraea and Wider Patterns of Construction and Repair in Late
Antiquity 49
Charting the Declining Use of Individual Mithraea 54
Conclusion 55
3 The Decline of the Cult II: Explaining the Decline 56
Introduction 56
Declining Populations 56
Changing Social Networks 58
Changes in Mithraic Rituals 60
Coercion by the Imperial Government 64
Conclusion 65

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