Lance Dooley - Drawing and sculpting the figure.pdf

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Drawing & Sculpting The Figure
Author: Lance Dooley
2
Table of Contents
Part 1: INTRODUCTION TO FIGURE DRAWING ....................................................................5
The Language of Art ..........................................................................................................................7
Elements of a Figure Drawing...........................................................................................................8
Gesture ................................................................................................................................................9
Proportions
.....................................................................................................................................10
Values (Light & Shadow) ................................................................................................................14
Artistic Anatomy ..............................................................................................................................15
Composition (Design).......................................................................................................................16
Block‐in (Contour) ...........................................................................................................................17
Gestural Block‐in Studies ................................................................................................................18
Block‐in, Shading .............................................................................................................................19
Line To Mass.....................................................................................................................................20
Shadow Mapping..............................................................................................................................21
Compression & Tension...................................................................................................................22
Conveying Naturalistic Mass...........................................................................................................23
Contrapposto ....................................................................................................................................24
Foreshortening (Inferior View).......................................................................................................25
Foreshortening (Superior View) .....................................................................................................26
Foreshortening (Superior View with Theme) ................................................................................27
Hands.................................................................................................................................................28
Feet.....................................................................................................................................................30
Mood..................................................................................................................................................31
Design Quality – Contour and External Geometry.......................................................................33
Creating Atmosphere .......................................................................................................................34
Drawing From Sculptures ...............................................................................................................35
Conceptual Drawings .......................................................................................................................36
Clothed Subjects ...............................................................................................................................37
Figure Drawing Example: Fail Safe Method .................................................................................38
Figure Drawing Example: Dancer..................................................................................................40
Figure Drawing Example: Locked Legs.........................................................................................41
Figure Drawing Example: Mandolist .............................................................................................42
Figure Drawing Example: Sarah & the Sword .............................................................................44
Drawing and Sculpting the Figure, by Lance Dooley
©
2012
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Figure Drawing Example: Reclining with a Twist........................................................................46
Principle of Design: Geometry ........................................................................................................47
Part 2: UNDERSTANDING THE PORTRAIT ............................................................................48
The Skull ...........................................................................................................................................49
The Eye..............................................................................................................................................50
The Nose ............................................................................................................................................52
The Mouth.........................................................................................................................................53
The Ear..............................................................................................................................................54
Portrait Drawing Example: Elderly Man ......................................................................................55
Portrait Drawing Example: Woman ..............................................................................................56
Portrait Drawing Example: Rebasong ...........................................................................................57
Portrait Sculpting Example: Rebasong..........................................................................................58
Sculpting Stands and Studio Concerns ..........................................................................................61
Proportions & Measurements of the Adult Portrait.....................................................................62
Portrait Sculpture: Clay Block-in to Bronze Cast ........................................................................64
Profile of Southern Italian Woman ................................................................................................66
Mask of Native American Man .......................................................................................................68
Drawing The Profile: the Rudder of the Face ...............................................................................69
Portrait of a Peruvian Woman........................................................................................................70
Portrait of African American Man.................................................................................................71
Portrait of a Thin Woman ...............................................................................................................72
Modeling Form: Ukrainian Woman...............................................................................................73
Portrait of an Italian Man ...............................................................................................................74
Profile of Elderly Native American Man .......................................................................................76
Posterior View of Skull ....................................................................................................................77
Drawing Into Painting .....................................................................................................................78
Part 3: FIGURE SCULPTING .......................................................................................................79
The Torso (Male) ..............................................................................................................................80
Maximum Gesture............................................................................................................................83
Contour Line in Sculpture...............................................................................................................88
Clothing in Sculpture .......................................................................................................................89
Figure Sculpture Example: Traditional Anatomical Pose ...........................................................90
Figure Sculpture Armature .......................................................................................................................90
Shaped Armature .......................................................................................................................................91
Proportional Assessment............................................................................................................................92
Drawing and Sculpting the Figure, by Lance Dooley
©
2012
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Block-in Torso, Legs, Head........................................................................................................................93
Torso Block-in.............................................................................................................................................94
Shoulders & Arms ......................................................................................................................................95
Complete Block-in ......................................................................................................................................96
Figure Sculpture Example: Heroic Sized Figure Sculpture.........................................................97
Maquette to Monumental Scale Portrait .....................................................................................100
Anthropomorphism........................................................................................................................103
Summary .........................................................................................................................................105
Table of Contributing Artists........................................................................................................105
Appendix A: Relative Proportions................................................................................................106
Appendix B: Artistic Terminology ...............................................................................................107
Line, Shape, Form, Gesture.....................................................................................................................107
Spatial Relationships ................................................................................................................................107
Light & Value ...........................................................................................................................................108
Composition ..............................................................................................................................................108
Appendix C: Anatomical Terminology ........................................................................................110
Appendix D: FIGURE DRAWING SYLLABUS ........................................................................111
Syllabus for Figure Drawing I, II, III .....................................................................................................111
Course Description & Objectives............................................................................................................111
Textbook and Recommended Reading ...................................................................................................111
Grading......................................................................................................................................................112
Weekly Topics ...........................................................................................................................................113
Materials List ............................................................................................................................................113
Homework Assignments & Sketch Book................................................................................................115
Tiers of Mastery & Progression of Skills ...............................................................................................116
Appendix E: FIGURE SCULPTING SYLLABUS .....................................................................117
Syllabus for Figure Sculpting I ...............................................................................................................117
Course Description & Objectives............................................................................................................117
Textbook and Recommended Reading ...................................................................................................117
Grading......................................................................................................................................................118
Weekly Topics ...........................................................................................................................................119
Materials List ............................................................................................................................................120
Appendix F: SCULPTURE PROJECT GUIDE TEMPLATE ..................................................121
Appendix M: A GUIDE TO MOLD MAKING...........................................................................122
Citations ..........................................................................................................................................146
Drawing and Sculpting the Figure, by Lance Dooley
©
2012
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Part 1: INTRODUCTION TO FIGURE DRAWING
Figure drawing is the art of drawing the human body. Life drawing is the art of drawing the human
body while observing a live model. In this publication We use the term figure drawing to
encapsulate all activities and forms of drawing the human body, weather it is from imagination,
reference material or observing a live model. We will discuss a variety of topics in an attempt to
introduce the reader to the field of figure drawing.
This publication is not all inclusive and the serious artist or art student will build their knowledge
and skills in the area of figure drawing by acquiring as much reference material as possible, as well
as practicing the art of figure drawing on a regular basis. Many artists dedicate a large portion of
their work to figure drawing, figure painting and figure sculpting. This type of artist is referred to as
a figurative artist and when the term artist is used for the remainder of this publication, it is implied
we are referring to the figurative artist. The section on The Language of Art will introduce some
vocabulary used by artists. At the core of this publication is the concept of learning and knowing
how to create a harmonious figure drawing by balancing the five elements found in a figure
drawing:
gesture, proportion, values, anatomy
&
composition.
With a trained eye and strong but
delicate command over one’s motor skills, it is possible to create a higher level of aesthetic in one’s
figure drawings. While taste is always important in any conversations about art, it is always possible
for the artist to become more skilled at depicting the human figure accurately. The artist is then free
to use this ability to his own ends, whether for realism or something more fanciful. Therefore, the
bulk of the material in this publication is dedicated to understanding how to create and recognize
figure drawings that convey a naturalistic look. To the professional, this means honing in on the
Drawing and Sculpting the Figure, by Lance Dooley
©
2012

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