1950_rinkel_1474_2.pdf

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•I LSD No 12b (§ IO2a)
M 360 Schizophrenia
M 377 exogenic psychoses
RINKELp
M. (Boston)
Discupsion
at Annual
Meeting of the American Psychiatric
Association in Detroit, May Ist. 1950.
Joelin.exp.Psychopathol.
12, 42 (1951).
MODERATOR
GILDEA:
Does
anyone
else wish to make some comments?
DR.
M.
RINKEL
(Boston):
Following Dr.
Bowman's
discussion and the comments
about
the Boston Psycho-
lmthic Hospital, I feel I have to make a few remarks.
! wu greatly impressed with the work of the Creedmoor Group on schizophrenia
and its relationship to
histao
mine,
and
followed
the presentation
with
great respect and attention.
A wealth of knowledge and important
dim were reported to us tonight, and the authors deserve to be congratulated
on
their excellent
work.
In the
_daavor
to investigate
the
problem of schizophrenia,
St
the
Boston
Psychopathic
Hospital,
we
have
approached
the
problem from
a
different
angle.
In order to understand
a
disease, or
a psychosis,
it would
be
of great ad-
vantage if one
could
experimeataily
produce a psychosis.
We are
in
the fortunate position to
have
a chemical,
a
derivative
of ergot,
with
which we could produce
a
transitory
psychotic
disturbance.
Histamine is found
in
ingot
,
and this
new chemical, an ergot derivative,
is called d-Lysergic acid diethylamide
tartrate.
It is a very
i_arkable
chemical.
We
have
given it to
a
number of volunteers,
psychiatrists,
nur_s, students,
and
occu-
lnUioual
therapists
in an amount as small
U
one gamma per kilogram body weight, and we observed mental
symptoms which one
could
say were the neptive
of what we have heard today as
a
result of
the
treatment
with
I_tamine.
While with histamine treatment the
patient
thought more clearly, our patients had difficulty in think-
lag.
They wm'e blocked; they wanted to say things, but they
could
not express themselves.
They
had
strange
sms_ions;
their limbs felt like lead.
They
felt
they could not get up or they could not walk. However,
on
command,
they walked
quite freely.
They
had illustonary
exper/euces.
They saw
figures
on the waft, and the
walls
were moving.
Some became quite silly, laughing
without being happy or gay, and some
became
very
talkative.
However, the
content
of
what they produced was very shallow.
We
have recordings of it, and it
is almost gruesome to listen to
that, and
at some future
meeting
we will present it.
We
are preparing it now
for
publication.
The symptoms
are temporary; they last for several hours, and in the late afternoon they dis-
appear.
Paranoic
symptoms
come up and hostility develops against the observers
and against
everybody.
One
girl was
extremely
disturbed and felt somewhat depressed on the following day, but none were impaired for work,
at
least on
the
following day.
DR. CO TLII
(New
York):
Is it
a form
of drug intoxication
--
a type like that of
cocaine poisoning?
DR. RINKEL:
I think it is differeut
from
cocaine
poisoning,
and it is digerent from d_xy-ephedrine
psychosis.
There are also definite differences with regard to mescaline.
Bromide poisoning shows many
different
Symptoms.
No other chemical or drug is
known
to me that would bring
about such
definite
mental
changes,
with
only traces of a chemical given by mouth, as is the case with L.S.D.
DR. BROWN:
What
is the duration of the psychosis produced, and what is the nature of
the memory
of
the
experience
after it is over?
DR. RINKEL:
The psychotic
disturbance lasts about 24 hours.
fact,
every
individual afterward wrote a report of his own
experiences.
DR. R. SACKLER:
Were there
any
physical
manifestations?
The
patient
will
remember
everything.
In
DR. RINKEL:
Yes,
there
are some physical manifestations.
There
was lowered blood pressure in
some
in.
stances.
Some had clammy hands, perspiration
and
dry mouth; not much more, at least as we have observed.
There
were a number of subjective symptoms,
which objectively
could not
be
corroborated.
DR. ACKERLY:
Did you give
histamine?
DR.
M]NKEL:
Not
yet.
clusion
of our
experlment_.
Many
of the observations
I have
mentioned
today
will
be again
presented
after colt.
K A184 w 4
NKT/Jo 253

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