1953_Bradley_38_1.pdf

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50P
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
PHYSIOLOGICAL
Increased
intra-abdominal
pressure produced by various
activities, such
as coughing,
singing
or weight-lifting, was
always
associated
with
an increase
of sphincter tone. The intra-abdominal
pressure is
also
raised by straining,
but the
sphincter
may
contract
more vigorously or may relax,
according
to
how
the straining is carried
out.
Our subjects
always increased
sphincter
tone
on being asked to' strain'.
When, however,
the straining was accompanied
by
an attempt at defaecation, an associated
relaxation of the
sphincter was
found in
some subjects
The failure
on
the
part of certain subjects to produce
relaxation of the sphincter during
attempted
defaecation is
probably
due to
the difficulty in securing full co-operation in what must be regarded
as
a
psychologically
difficult situation.
Digital
examination
of the rectum
always
elicited
a
brisk
and vigorous
increase of
sphincter tone which subsided some-
what slowly after withdrawal
of
the finger.
REFERENCE
Beck,
W. (1930).
Pflug. Arch.
qes.
Physiol.
224, 278.
On some effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (L.S.D. 25) in
normal volunteers.
By P. B. BRADLEY,
C.
ELKES
and
J.
ELKES.
Department of Experimental
Psychiatry,
University
of Birmingham
L.S.D.
25
(Stoll,
1947)
was administered by mouth
in doses
of
15-100fLg
to
twelve male and three
female
volunteers, and
particular
attention was paid
to the effects of rhythmic
photic
stimulation (effected by an electronic
stroboscope at
4-24
cis)
on the symptoms of
intoxication. The
subjective
sensations,
including the illusions
of
form,
colour and movement experienced
under these conditions, were sound-recorded for each frequency. An
e.e.g.
record
was
then taken
and
photic
stimulation
repeated during the recording.
The drug was
then administered.
Symptoms
generally appeared within
20-30 min and, with three exceptions, were quite apparent within the
hour.
The
stroboscope run was then
repeated,
first without, then with the e.e.g.
electrodes in
place. As
before, all verbal material was
recorded.
Broadly the
symptoms observed were
those
described
by Stoll; depersonaliza-
tion,
heightened awareness,
and fluctuating,
incongruous
affect
were
the most
common symptoms.
Eight
subjects experienced visual symptoms, and seven
distortion of
body
image.
Mild dysarthria was seen in eleven, and thought
blocking in six subjects. Rhythmic photic stimulation enhanced the symptoms
in
twelve
out
of
fifteen
subjects, and
in
three out of these
twelve, symptoms
were brought
out
where
no
symptoms
of any
kind had been
experienced
before. An incommunicative
trance-like
state
during photic stimulation
SOCIETY,
5-6
JUNE
1953
51
P
following L.S.D.
25
was
experienced
by
six subjects;
and
in
three
there
was
a
slight,
transient
but
quite definite
alteration
in muscle
tone (not
unlike
that
seen in
catatonia)
which
persisted
for
up
to 20 min after photic
stimulation
had
ceased.
Of
the
thirteen
subjects
in whom
e.e.g.
records
were
taken,
two
belonged to
the micro-alpha,
five
to the responsive
alpha and six
to the persistent
alpha
group (Golla, Hutton
&
Walter,
1943).
Following L.S.D.
25
the
micro-
alpha subjects showed little change in the resting record. One
responsive
subject showed micro-alpha activity,
and
the four others became more
responsive. Five of the six persistent
alpha
subjects became completely
responsive,
and
one remained persistent.
Changes
in the response
to
photic
stimulation were
also
observed.
REFERENCES
Golla,
F.,
Hutton, E. L.
&
Walter, W.
G. (1943).
J.
·ment.
Sci.
89,
216.
Stoll,
W.
A.
(1947).
Schweiz.
Arch.
Neurol.
Psychiat.
60,
279.

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