1954_graham_jdp_4028_1.pdf

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VI _D
o_
Noo 143 (§_O_a)
M 500 properties
M 377 psychotic
effect
GRAHAM, JoDoPo, _ALAA IDEEN KHALIDI (Deptoof Pharmacolo, Royal
Facoof Medo, Baghdad)
Th_ actions of D_lyser_ic acid diethylamide (LoS oDo25_. Part 2o
C_tral
actions_
JoFacoMedolraq
18, 35 (1954)
PROBLEM: In a previous publication (LSD No. 57) the authors reoo
ported on the effects of LSD in experimental animals, normal
_%_an beings and psychotic patients° The present paper is con_
cerned with the central effects of LSD.
RF_LTS:
l_ The spinal cord: Reflexes such as the knee jerk be-
e very brisk under LSD. The orgastic reflex is difficult to
O_fain, but this maybe due to loss of concentrationo Conside_
_le
disturbance of sensory perception°
_ The medulla: The emetic centre, the cardiovascular centre_ the
_es_iratory centre and the vagal nuclei are all obviously s_do
3 _he
mid-brain, cerebellum, etc_: When LSD intoxication is at
its_ peak, ataxia occurs quite frequentlyo
4oThe hypothalamic re_ioB: Autonomic disturbances give rise to
increases in BoPo and pulse rate_ flushing and pallor, sweating
or shivering, salivation or dryness of the mouth, dilatation of
the pupils and an an_i-diuretic action° The time at which these
phenomena set in varies but they frequently precede the onset of
cortical effects. They persist for some hours but do not last as
long as the mental effectso
5_The cortex: The distinction between objective motor phenomena
and subjective states related to effects on sensory and associa=
tion mechanisms is clinically apparent° a) Motor effects: In
man_ cases there is motor disturbance with a phase of increased
a_tivity and a degree of muscular incoordinationo This may be
t_sient
if the patient becomes quiet and withdrawn but may
_f_me marked with tremor_ jactitation_ ataxia_ heightened re_
e_ response_ trismus, forced laughter and spasm of the throat
muscles° b) Psychic effects: A much shorter latency period was
noted than that mentioned in the reports of other investigators°
Consciousness is no5 usually cloudedo The sense of time is
usually upset, but not so often the discrimination of space and
size. There may be a marked tendency to intros_ectiono Ideation
is always affected° "Verbal diarrhoea" may be pronouncedo Be_ha_
viour is abnormalo It may be euphoric with restlessness or eu_,
phoric in a quiet placid way° _
is elways affectedo
Vision is usually sharpened but there may be distortion of out
line and m_sj_dgement of perspective_ Illusions are frequent°
Hearing, taste_ smell and touch may be abnormal_ The most marked
illusion is the disto_ tion of body image° Personalit_i is le_s I_T
affected by LSD than by mescaline. Split personality may occur_ _
The mental effects of LSD were studied in 6 normal subjects
and'
6 psychotics° OOO01 mg/kg LSD was given orally°
t _D
Normal ubjects
s
:
_
Cons._iousne_s_-°not impaired (6 cases), insight retained (5) !_
_
_st
(5), ]ntrospection.o
(2). Ideation: excessive'i(
poor (2), logorrhoea (4)_ retarded (4)_ loss of concentration
{5)_ incoherence (2)_ Behaviour: withdrawn (2), anxious (41, ___
euphorlc (4), rest_ess_ormal
pe_:
outllne kL_)
_loq
d_stance (i), _ision (6)_ sound (1), touch (5), taste (3)_ s_
ma (5), pain (2)_ _:
not affected (4),? split (2)o,_o
Psychotic
sub.iec,t,s
:
_onsciousness:
not _mpaci__ed (6)_ insight retained (2), insig_
restored [_
insight not restored
poor
(I)_
logorrhoea
i12)_ retarded
(3)° Ideation: excessiw_ _
(2)° Behaviour: withdra_m' mo
(l!, anxious (1), euphoric (2), restless'[-_;
calm (I), impr_,
(4), worse (2)_ cooperative
(3)o Abnormal perception:
vision (_,
sound (I)o Personality:
not affected
(3)_ _mprcved_3)
o
i_s_
ar_
o_
Case histories of three normal subjects and two
reproduced
to illustrate
the effects of LSDo
COMMENT_ For the first part of this report
IDDEEN
KHALIDI_
LSD No_ 57.
psychotics
see GRAHAM
& AL_A sni
_o
sHJ
(Ueber die Wilkungen
yon LSD_ Te_i
IIo Zentrale
Wirkungen)
_oI
Verabfolgung yon LSD (I _g)
oral an je 6 Oesunde und Geiste_ <
krankeo Die Wirkung auf d_e Psyche trat se:hneller ein ale s.n_£
dere Untersuche_ berichtet batten. Da.s Bewusstsein blieb g¢_ D_iJ
.....
,
o
..
_T_.f_
wohnl_cb k_a[.o Der Gedankenablauf
war
irmmer gestort_, ebenso '- "
die Wahrnehmong.
wobe_
die Entstel.lung der KSrpe_schemas
d_ei_ '
st_r_sten ausgep_gte
Hallazination
ws.r_ D_e PersSnlichkeit
nac_h LSD weniger verindert ale nach Mescalino [Betr_ Teil I _=
see Bericht_ _on ,qRAHAM A ALAA IDDEEN KHALIDI:_ LSD Nr
57.
Rapport
33/]0
o1
_,:_m
,?,
_;at,."
_oHq
_a±V
_T/Dr
oSpi/mb
:',56
®_-_
_'_:.T'_

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