1954_pennes_1523_2.pdf

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LSD
59(§lO2a)
M 377 psychotic
effect
M 360 schizophrenia
M 500 comparison
of effects
&mytal(§105f)
pervitin(§65g)
mescaline(§102b)
_S,
H.H. (Deptoof Exper.Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Inst. ;
Dr. P.H. Hoch)
Clinical reactions of schizophrenics to sodium amytal, p_rvitin hydrochloride,
Imscaline sulfate, and d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD 25),
J.Nerv.Ment.Dis. 119, 95 (1954)
_OBLEM:
_TERIAL:
see Title°
55 schizophrenics (28 M., 27 F.).
_AGE:
All 55 patients received amytal (0_25 - 0°5 g. ioVo), pervitin 20 rag. i.v.,
©ccasiOnally 40 mgo i.v.) and mescaline (0°4 - 0°6 go icy°). Twenty-five patients
also received LSD in doses of 0.01 mg. (3 cases), 0°03 mg° (2 cases), 0.4 mgo (1),
0.06 mg. (9), 0,09 mg. (6) and 0o12 mg. (9). Five patients were given LSD twice,
the second dose being higher in each case.
NETHOD:
The sequence of administration was invariably amytal, pervitin, mescaline
and LSD. Usually there was an interval of 2 - 3 days between the administration
of any two drugs.
S Ts:
I. Basic, primary Or direct actions
Amytal consistently produced signs of central depression in the form of sedation
and hypnosis. Pervitin yielded signs of central "stimulation". Mescaline and LSD
created transient psychotic phenomena which included autonomic, sensorimotor,
perceptual, emotional, ideational and behavioural
changes.
2. Secondary actions resulting in alterations in mental status
Changes in mental status were classified according to objective and subjective
criteria
as follows :
a) normalization:
reduction or elimination of one or more baseline symptoms,
ameliorating the patient's mental status.
b) intensification: exacerbation of one or more baseline symptoms and/or the
appearance of psychopathological
manifestations which were previously not
grossly overt.
e) diphasic response:
combinations of normalization and intensification.
Drug
Amytal
Pervitin
Mescaline
ISD
Normalization
65°4
%
37°0
%
0.0
%
0o0
%
Intensification
10.9
%
20.4
%
lO0 %
64 %
Diphasic response
23.7
%
42.6
%
0.0
%
24.0 *
%
• 3 patients (12%) showed no effect with the dose used.
3. LSDo intensified essentially the same symptoms as amytal, pervitin and mes-
_alineo F_atures of normalization in the 6 diphasic reactors were: a) definite
relaxation, decreased anxiety and tension, decreased concern at phobias and com-
pulsive urges (4 cases); b) subjective enphoric state with lifting of depression
(1 case); improved affective display and general contact (1 case). Minor degrees
of relaxation noted in at least 4 other patients. Objective signs of sedation
(drowsiness and slurred speech) were present. Some subjects simnltaneously
felt relaxed and anxious (fearing a repetition of the mescaline experience).
There were variations in the threshold of response to LSD.
4. Individual factors significantly affected the mental reactions to drug
administration in the sense that
a) the same drug induced a wise variety of different mental reactions in various
subjects,
b) in 28 - 31% of cases, the same subject showed intensification reactions
despite chemical and pharmacological differences between the drugs.
5. Many of the findings in this study suggested that the mental and behavioural
effects of the drugs would be difficult to explain exclusively in terms of
"direct" or pharmacological activity, e.g.
a) the same drug produced a wide variety of effects in different subjects,
b) different drugs sometimes produced the same type of effect in a given
subject,
c) the same drug often had the 6pposite effect on the same symptoms in different
subjects,
d) intensification effects were n_arly always exaggerations of pre-existent
subjective or objective manifestations°
e) the subject's "psychological _ reaction in many cases seemed to form an
important part of the roaction, sometimes continuing after the "direct _ drug
action should have disappear_d_
COMMENT: KATZENELBOGEN etal. (_D 30) compared LSD, amytal and methedrine but
from a practical rather than a_heoretical
point of view as does PENNES.
!
SUMMARY:
Amytal, pervitin and mescaline were given to 55 schizophrenic patients,
25 of whom also received LSD. The effects were analyzed in terms of normalization
and intensification of the pre-existing clinical symptoms. Amytal was classified
as preponderantly a normalizer of clinical symptoms; mescaline and ISD as inten-
sifiers; pervitin produced an unstable state with normalization and intensifica-
tion being approximately equal in evidence.
i
i
!
(Klinische Reaktion
Schizophrener
auf Am}_tal, P_rvitin,
Meskalinund
LSD)
55 Patienten mit Schizophrenie erhielten Amytal, Pervitin und Meskalin, 25 davon
auch LSDo Die Wirkung wurde nach den Kriterien der Normalisierung bzw. Intensi-
vi_rung der vorbestehenden
klinischen Symptome quantitativ ausgewertet. Amytal
wurde als vorwieg_nd normalisierend, M_skalin und LSD als intensivierend klas-
sifiziert. Pervitin bewirkte einen instabilen Zustand, in dem Normalisierung
und Intensivi_rung der Symptome sich ann_hernd die Waage hielten.
(R@actions cliniques
LSD)
de maladeslschizophr&nes
i
_ amytal, pervitine,
mescaline
et
Amytalppervitlne et mescaline s_nt administr_s & 55 malades atteints de schizo-
phr_nie dont 25 ont regu, en ou_re_ du ISD. L'effet est 6valu@ d'apr_s les
crit_r_nmsde la normalisation ou intensification des symptSmes cliniques
pr@-existantso Cette classification
montre que l'amytal a un effet avant tout
normalisateur sur los symptSmesicliniques, tandis que mescaline et LSD les
intensifient. La pervitine provoque un @tat instable dans lequel il y a un
equilibre a
pproxlmatlf entre los effets de normalisation et d'intensification.
•
" "
NKT/Dr o
Spi/Dr.Bs/BP/I054
I
w
(EDF 6368) @3_

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