1956_bercel_4075_1.pdf

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VI LSD No.188 (§102a)
LAE (§102d)
M 377 psychotic effect
M 500 properties
M 405 EEG
BERCEL, N.A._ TRAIViS_ L E_, OLINGER; LOB., DREIKURS, Eo (Univo
of Cai_fornia_
Dept_of Physiol., Los Angeles)
M9del__psychoses
_nduced bz LSDo25 in normalso Ii. Ps cho h siolo_
gica_ _nvesti_a_t_ons_ w_t_ specisi
of the paranoid reactlon_
refsrence
to the mechanism
Arch.Neurol.Psychiatr_,
Chicago
75,
588 (1956).
PROBLEM
: see Title.
MATERIAL:
25 normal subjects.
METHOD, DOSAGE: 30-100 8g LSD orally, the majority being given
± _g/kgo Subjects resting on bed, EEG recordings, Rorschach tests,
single_!ightoflash
stimtHation,
tactile stimulation,
word re-
tention and recall tests, tendon reflexes_ drawing test, writ-
ten report of late effects° Control Rorschach test 5 weeks after
LSD.
RESULTS_ l_ Autonomic _:
PuFil dilatation in each case,
increased re_pi_
casro
_9 _es),
intensity of these effects not
dependent
on dosage°
2o _tual
anomalies:
a) Visual sensations: Most prevalent sensory changes
(18 cases); the conLmonest were illusions, particularly
notice_
able with eyes closed_ visual hallucinations
with eyes open (3
eases), anomal_es of visual perspective,
eogo microps_oa, meta-
morphopsia and heteromegslometamorphops_a
in 10 c_ases._Emotional
reaction varied from one order of sensation to another_
b) Auditor_# sensat_on_ Transient hyperacusis
(9 ca-
ses), sound reverberstions
(2 cases)_ Auditory stimuli had a
profound effect on other sensory experiences_
c) Gustatory
sensations:
Nal_sea with tobacco_like
taste (i case)o Nausea and metall_c taste (i case) o
d) Vestibular
sensations_ Giddiness,
changing into
of soaring into space (I case).
e) Bodily sensations: A great variety noted in 17
cases 10ut rarely reported spontaneously°
The commonest was s
difference
the way one part of the body felt as compared with
the rest o
3o S_xnesthesiae: This term is used to describe pheno-
mena characterized
by one sensory experience
influencing
another°
In 14 cases, as the complexity
of these sensory cross influences
increased,
a paranoid type of schizophrenic
reaction occurred,
feeling
the evaluation
of which
could be followed
(and predicted)
step
by step_ These are reported in detail_ Optic sensations were
most co_rmon]y influenced by auditory stimuli° The influence of
the exmniner_s voice on body sensations caused anxiety _=. pre-
a
cursor of a subsea2_ent paranoid reaction. When synesthesiae led
to idess of thought control and influence_ the referential
ideas
%_ick3<7 _<,entinto frank paranoid delusions° Insight
was ne_er
iost_ but there wss diffSculty
in maintaining
objectivityo
In
all except one case_ stqch reactions
were, over within 3_ hours
TSD
,..
of [:s.king ......
_:erslsoen_e of after-imam:Markedly
increased
_ 15 cases_ the increase coinciding wi_-h marked prolor_gation
:_f
_.erseveration
fi_ne (the period during which_waves
are
i.,_oc_,m_foer visual stimulation)
In all but one case, the po-
si.tive after-£mage
persisted°
5o Distortion
of time sense: Noted in 14 cases_
prolonged ].n 5.__ratea
in--6, sl60_
down initially and then
speeded up in three°
6o Disturbance of _:
Ego boundaries distur-
bed in varying degrees under various conditions,
at various do-
sages
:_nd
for various ienghts of time° Vague depersonalization
an4 eo,__an_emento_
....
, =.n" cases occurring as elaboration
6
of _hanges
in _:]sua].perspective
or bodily sensation in 7 cases° Feeling of
_,_pending _go dissolution
_ost!y in cases with relatively high
c!oses
7_ _nang_s:
_.i_y_ echolalia_ the most
w Oleo S
(
i
1
Definite tendency toward word
cb.aracteristic change was condensation
I
So _gtor s_toms:
Twitching of leg mt_scles
case)_I
f_:_Lai and eyelid twitches (I case)_ choreiform hand movements
"_
"
tremor without chill (I case), tremor with chill (1
case),
in 10 cases
gener_.ized
hyperreflexia.
9_ _motiona!.
re&ction:
Euphoria
(8 cases),
depres-
sion
(2 cases)._
3n _l
other
cases
mood. vazded
from t_e
to time.
All subjects
who _evezcpea
'
p._rancz_ reactions
_
,'_
a_]tted
after
expe_dr_ent that at the height of the reaction they had a fear
of ] osing self-contro!_
i0. _
rate: The tapping rate inczessed under
LSD but no change in pattern ws, noted°
s
Iio Handwritin_
and draw in_. Insignificant
disto_,
=
tions in handwriting
ability_ to judge size_ distance etc_ in
drawing was _mpaired.
12o Retention and recall: Subnormal in 14 cases°
Borderline in 6 and normal in 5o
decreased
13o E____: a) effect on_=index
(22 cases): 0_-index
by 30 per cent in ii cases and increased by 50 per
cent in 7 cases°
b) Abnormal activity_ [m i_ cases, 6 cps_ bursts
in all leads in absence of drowsiness c
c) Paro\vsmal activity: Appemr'ance of o<_,activity
in response to light stimulation or open_ng of eyes in 4 cases°
d) Response
to singleo,light stdmtQation:
Per _.
severstion time, i_e. _<,_:blocking_was motr-ethan twofold pr'o
o_
1 onged o
e) Deactivation
in response to hallucination_
In 2 sLibjects_with primary visusl, ha/i.ucinations in the right
half,_fieid, the left occipital_was
absent while the
right
one
was prominent. This ceased immediately on disappearance
of hal_
lucinati ons o
f) Respor_se to tactile stimulation:
No EEG chan_
ges produced by application of air blast to left side of body
in £ cases developing de].uslon of body scheme involving left
side. Fast bursts were clearly obser_Jable when air blast ap=
plied to uninvolved side.,,
14o Rorschach tests: Reported
elsewhere in detail.
(BERCEL et alo_ LSD 189).
COMMENT: For further details, the origins/, should be consulted.
The paper also contains comment on the biochemical and neuro-
physiological
aspects of LSD.
(Durcb ISD he_orgerufene
Model!psychosen
bei Gesunden,_ I_ Psy
._
chophysiol ogis che Untersuchungen
mit b es onderer B eriicks ichtigung
des Mechanismus
der paranoiden
Reaktion)
Sehr
eingehender
Beri,
cht _dber die Wi:_ku.ng_on. _USD oral (30 -
I00 _) bei, 25 Gesundeno U_ter anderem _erden folgende Ver_n-.,
derungen beschrieben_ der ,_,egetativenFur_tioner_, der Sinnes,_
•
wahrnehmung_ Synaesthesien_ St6rungen des Zeitsi.nns und Ichbe _
wusstseins} emotionelle Reaktionen, Wi.rh_ng auf das _G,
den
Rorschachtest,_ Die biochemischen
und neurophysiologischen
Aspek-
te der LSD_Wirkung
werden ausf_rlich
besprochen<_
(Psychoses artificielles exp@rlmentales provoqu@es par LSD chez
des sujets sainso I. Investigations psychophysiologiques,
parti-
culi_rement par rapport au m@canisme de la r@action parano_de)
Rapport tr_s d4taill6 sur les effets de 30 _ lO0_de LSD chez
25 sujets norma_x_ Sont d@crits entre autre: modiVfications d_
foncticns v@g@tatives, anomalies de la perception, synesth@sles,
troubles du sens du temps et de la conscience du moi, r@act_ons
@motives, modifications de l_EEG, tests de Rorschacho Les aspects
biochimiques et neurophysiologi_es
du LSD sont discut6s in ex-
tenso.
w8 (_DFlO'OV3)
__/D. ,Spl/Dr.Bs/e_ 856 _X

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