Winterhorn - 12 Techniques.pdf

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WINTERHORN:
12 TECHNIQUES
The twelve techniques you use when playing
WINTERHORN are all pulled from real life and are
being used all over the world right now. I encourage
you to learn more about these and other techniques
governments employ to suppress dissent and control
their citizens, and to take what you learn and
use it to make yourself and the groups you care
about more aware and resilient. Below, I’ve offered
an historical example of each of the techniques,
followed by a few directed questions.
Jason Morningstar
Durham, North Carolina, USA
2 December 2017
SURVEILLANCE
FRONT GROUP
DISINFORMATION
RECRUITMENT
INTERCEPTION
MANIPULATION
INFILTRATION
BLACK BAG JOB
INTIMIDATION
BAD JACKETING
VANDALISM
VIOLENCE
Winterhorn™, the Winterhorn™ logo, and the Bully Pulpit
Games™ logo are trademarks of Bully Pulpit Games LLC.
© Copyright 2017 Bully Pulpit Games LLC
104-R NC Hwy 54 Bypass #169
Carrboro NC 27510
ISBN: 978-1-945633-05-8
WINTERHORN: 12 TECHNIQUES
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JASON MORNINGSTAR
SURVEILLANCE
Surveillance is the bedrock of government intrusion
and control. It can take the form of discrete
monitoring and observation, either physically or
electronically, or it can be more overt (in which case
it drifts into other techniques, like manipulation or
intimidation).
Because of his sympathy for, and sometimes
membership in, peace and social justice activist
groups, Albert Einstein became a target of FBI
surveillance. His phones were tapped and his
mail was read in an effort to tie him to Soviet
espionage and get him deported. Einstein’s file
grew to 1800 pages, and a parallel Immigration
and Naturalization investigation, prompted by the
FBI, lasted five years.
The NSA’s PRISM program, as revealed by Edward
Snowden, is an extreme example of surveillance
— global in scale and reach. Partnering with
the Australian Signals Directorate, Government
Communications Headquarters of the UK and
Algemene Inlichtingen en Veiligheidsdienst of the
Netherlands, as well as Microsoft, Google, Apple
and Facebook, PRISM collected (and, likely, collects)
targeted Internet communications through secret
treaties and equally secret FISA court orders.
How are you being observed in your
daily life?
How would you know if you were a target of
focused surveillance?
What steps can you take to avoid or disrupt
surveillance?
FRONT GROUP
It is convenient and often effective to fund
organizations, sometimes created by the government
completely, to advocate for specific policies, or draw
activists away from more effective or radical groups,
or simply to muddy the water.
South Africa’s apartheid government spun up
many front groups, including an entire newspaper
(The Citizen). The Federal Independent Black
Alliance was a conservative black advocacy group.
The International Freedom Foundation, based in
Washington, fought sanctions and funneled aid
to UNITA in Angola. Veterans for Victory was
created as a counterbalance to the campaign to
end universal conscription. Jeugkrag (Youth for
South Africa) was funded by South African military
intelligence. All these groups were specifically
engineered to aid the apartheid government and
promote its policies.
How can you tell if an organization is
legitimate or a front?
Is it possible for a group to do useful work and
be a governmental front group?
When you identify a front group, what can
you do about it?
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JASON MORNINGSTAR
DISINFORMATION
Governments can use disinformation both to change
the conventional narrative on a topic and to disrupt
activism by sowing doubt and confusion. “Fake news”
delegitimizes journalism and objective truth itself,
something that is very useful if you need to tell lies.
On 5 September 2010, the UK’s Independent
newspaper published a puff piece called “Valentina
Matviyenko: Meet Russia’s Thatcher”. Matviyenko,
unelected Mayor of Leningrad, was a crony of Putin,
and the fawning piece raised her stature within
Russia, where foreign press coverage carries more
weight than notoriously corrupt local journalism.
It didn’t escape the notice of a single Leningrader
that the article was pure
zakazukha,
however.
“Zakazukha” is a Russian word for paying for
favorable media coverage, which has transformed
into paying for custom-tailored journalism— fake
news. The Independent’s Matviyenko article was
built to please Putin, who was in the process of
cutting his rival Russian oligarchs down to size.
And the Independent newspaper, based in London,
was (and is) owned by Alexander Lebedev, former
KGB agent and current oligarch.
Who is lying to you right now?
How can you identify disinformation?
What can you do to both prevent and mitigate
disinformation campaigns directed at you?
RECRUITMENT
Recruitment goes hand in hand with infiltration, and
each presents trade-offs. A confidential informant
is more likely to be trusted and doesn’t need to
grow into the network of the targeted organization,
but may lack skill and experience in matters the
government cares about. Informants, however, are
often an inexpensive and rapid way “into” a group.
The FBI’s offensively named Ghetto Informant
Program (GIP) was designed to recruit confidential
informants close to “key Black extremists”
like Martin Luther King, Jr., Floyd McKissick,
Malcolm X, Stokely Carmichael, and many others.
Informants orbiting these figures kept the Bureau
appraised of their movements, plans, attitudes,
and internal conflicts for a decade, in some cases
fomenting dissent and animosity between them.
FBI informants creating friction between Malcolm
X and Elijah Mohammed was at least a contributing
factor in the former’s assassination.
How can you maintain a community of trust
and also be resilient to informers?
How can you identify informers within your
organization?
What do you do when an informer has been
identified?
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JASON MORNINGSTAR
INTERCEPTION
Gathering signals intelligence, while technically
complex, offers a hands-off way to learn details
about a target that would be nearly impossible to
gather in any other way. And as technology becomes
ubiquitous, so do the opportunities for listening in.
In 2004 and 2005, more than one hundred mobile
phones were tapped in Athens, Greece, primarily
those belonging to Greek politicians and civil
servants. The eavesdroppers, later identified
as American NSA employees, listened in on the
Prime Minister and key officials in the Ministries
of Defense, Foreign Affairs, and Public Order, as
well as ruling and opposition party members. Due
to clumsy tradecraft and diligent investigation, 14
prepaid phone cards were traced back to the US
embassy in Athens, and a SIM card registered to
the US Embassy made calls to communities around
the NSA headquarters in Maryland.
How do you communicate now?
What are the weak links in your methods of
communication?
How can you harden your communication
channels against interception?
MANIPULATION
Like vandalism, manipulation can be viewed as a
focused form of intimidation. By targeting the people
surrounding the subject of an investigation, both
fear and doubt can be generated. If a subject’s entire
world is frightened, angry, or suspicious, they are
likely to make poor decisions.
Examples of overt manipulation are easy to find.
In 2010 Republican Sinn Féin, a group politically
tied to the Continuity Irish Republican Army,
complained that armed, masked British soldiers
from the Special Reconnaissance Regiment were
conducting surveillance in Lurgan, County Armagh
using unmarked white vans. The targeted estates,
home to the families of many IRA prisoners, were
subsequently blanketed by police who invoked
the “stop and search” powers of Article 44 of the
Terrorism Act indiscriminately.
Are you a good candidate for manipulation?
Are those close to you vulnerable?
How will you know if those around you are
being manipulated?
What actions can you take if you or those
close to you are being manipulated?
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JASON MORNINGSTAR
INFILTRATION
Inserting government operatives within activist
groups is a high risk and high reward technique.
Having someone “on the inside” can be enormously
valuable for understanding a group’s plans and
social dynamics, but when it goes wrong, it can go
very wrong.
Just a few examples of infiltration in the United
State after consent decrees forbidding surveillance
were lifted in 2003:
2004:
The New York Police Department infiltrates
protest groups and arrests over 1800 people in
advance of the Republican National Convention.
2007:
The Maryland State Police infiltrate groups of
peace activists statewide.
2008:
The Joint Terrorism Task Force infiltrates
vegan potlucks in Minneapolis in advance of the
Republican National Convention.
2012:
Chicago police infiltrate Chicago Action
Medical, volunteer protest street medics.
2013:
Police in Washington, DC infiltrate peace
groups in the city.
2017:
Police in Washington, DC infiltrate protest
groups prior to the Presidential inauguration.
How can you remain open to newcomers and
also resilient to infiltration?
How can you identify infiltrators within your
organization?
What do you do when an infiltrator has been
identified?
BLACK BAG JOB
The archetypal black bag job involves surreptitious
entry to observe or copy records in situ, but it can be
part of a constellation of intimidation (by leaving
evidence of a visit) and surveillance (by planting
bugs) as well.
In October 1972, members of the Royal Canadian
Mounted Police broke into the offices of the Agence
de Presse Libre du Québec, a radical leftist news
agency. They stole everything from subscription
lists to the clipping morgue, as well as bank records.
The burglary paralyzed the operations of the
APLQ, a completely legal organization. When the
involvement of the national police in the break-in
was revealed, the RCMP officer who had authorized
it — and who had been promoted immediately after
its success — was assigned to prepare the official
report. And this wasn’t the first RCMP black bag job
— two years earlier the offices of Praxis, a research
firm working for welfare rights advocates, had been
burgled and set on fire after its files were stolen.
These later turned up as a blacklist of sympathetic
civil servants that was widely circulated.
What are your physical and electronic
security like? Where do you keep your
records?
Will you be able to tell if you’ve been burgled
or hacked?
What steps can you take to harden your
operations security?
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JASON MORNINGSTAR

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