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ARMYHISTORY
Spring 2018 
PB 20-18-2 (No. 107) Washington, D.C.
In This Issue
“The Coming of Modern War”
By Christopher L. Kolakowski
The Coalition War in North Burma, 1944
6
30
Opening Moves
From
Combat Operations: Staying the
Course, October 1967 to September 1968
By Erik B. Villard
U.S. Army Art Spotlight
28
The Professional Bulletin of Army Histor y
1
The Professional Bulletin of Army Histor y
By Order of the Secretary of the Army:
MARK A. MILLEY
General, United States Army
Chief of Staff
Official:
GERALD B. O’KEEFE
Administrative Assistant to the
Secretary of the Army
Chief of Military History
Charles R. Bowery Jr.
Managing Editor
Bryan J. Hockensmith
Editor
William R. Scherer
Layout and Design
Michael R. Gill
Consulting Historian
David W. Hogan Jr.
The U.S. Army Center of Military History publishes
Army His-
tory
(ISSN 1546-5330) quarterly for the professional development
of Army historians and as Army educational and training literature.
The bulletin is available at no cost to interested Army officers, non-
commissioned officers, soldiers, and civilian employees, as well as to
individuals and offices that directly support Army historical work
or Army educational and training programs.
Correspondence, including requests to be added to the distri-
bution of free copies or to submit articles, should be addressed to
Managing Editor, Army History, U.S. Army Center of Military
History, 102 Fourth Ave., Fort Lesley J. McNair, DC 20319-5060, or
sent by e-mail to usarmy.mcnair.cmh.mbx.army-history@mail.mil.
Those individuals and institutions that do not qualify for free
copies may opt for paid subscriptions from the U.S. Government
Publishing Office. The cost of a subscription is $20 per year. Order
by title and enter List ID as ARHIS. To order online, go to http://
bookstore.gpo.gov. To order by phone, call toll free 866-512-1800,
or in the Washington, D.C., metropolitan area, 202-512-1800; by
fax, 202-512-2104; or by e-mail, contactcenter@gpo.gov. Send mail
orders to U.S. Government Publishing Office, P.O. Box 979050, St.
Louis, MO 63197-9000.
The opinions expressed in
Army History
are those of the authors,
not the Department of Defense or its constituent elements. The bul-
letin’s contents do not necessarily reflect official Army positions and
do not supersede information in other official Army publications or
Army regulations. The bulletin is approved for official dissemina-
tion of material to keep the Army knowledgeable of developments
in Army history and to enhance professional development. The
Department of the Army approved the use of funds for printing
this publication on 7 September 1983.
The reproduction of images not obtained from federal sources
is prohibited.
Issue Cover:
Silhouette of troops at Pandu Ghat moving
from the Ramgarh Training Center to Myitkyina, Burma, 25
October 1944. /National Archives
In this Spring 2018 issue of
Army History,
with a
layout not unlike the Winter 2018 issue, we present
two pieces covering actions of the Army during
World War II and the Vietnam War. Once again,
while both are article-length contributions, the
second of these is another “preview chapter” from
a recently published Center of Military History
(CMH) volume.
In the first article, author Christopher L. Kola-
kowski argues that the fighting in north Burma
during 1944 foreshadowed the coming of what we
would now consider “modern warfare” in the lat-
ter half of the twentieth century and even into the
twenty-first. The Allied campaign in Burma saw the
establishment of outposts that would be more com-
monly known during the Vietnam War as firebases,
the widespread use of indigenous troops, adaptation
to difficult terrain, and a refinement of insurgency
and counterinsurgency tactics.
The second article is an excerpt from a recent CMH
publication,
Combat Operations: Staying the Course,
October 1967 to September 1968,
by Erik B. Villard.
Chapter 2, Opening Moves: Battles North and West
of Saigon, examines the planning for a new American
and South Vietnamese dry season offensive and the
numerous battles that took place in the final months
of 1967 through January 1968. Some of the actions
covered in this chapter include Operations Shenan-
doah II and Yellowstone, as well as the battles at
Loc Ninh, Caisson VI, and Firebase Burt.This issue
also contains an Army Art Spotlight featuring the
work of Sgt. Howard Brodie. In his sketch,
Under
Fire,
Brodie, an artist for
Yank
magazine, captured
the raw emotions shared between two soldiers while
fighting in Germany in early 1945.
In his Chief’s Corner, Mr. Charles Bowery dis-
cusses the efforts under way to revise the regulations
that govern the Army’s history programs. AR 870–5,
Military History: Responsibilities, Policies, and Pro-
cedures,
was last updated over a decade ago and AR
870–20,
Army Museums, Historical Artifacts, and
Art,
has not been amended for almost twenty years.
Mr. Jon Hoffman, in his Chief Historian’s Foot-
note, follows up on his piece from the previous issue,
elaborating further on CMH’s new standard operat-
ing procedure for writing books at CMH.
In addition, this issue contains eight excellent book
reviews, a brief update on the construction of the
National Museum of the United States Army, and a
farewell to a member of the CMH team who passed
away on 14 October 2017.
Bryan J. Hockensmith
Managing Editor
Spring 2018
B AT T L E O F L O C N I N H
29 October 1967
13
Features
0
0
4
News Notes
5
U.S. Army Art
28
Spotlight
Book Reviews
52
Chief Historian’s
63
Footnote
Chief's Corner
Military Installation
E L E VAT I O N I N M E T E R S
100
150
0
200 and Above
1 Kilometer
III
Fire ght
Enemy Axis of Attack, 0200 Hours
Air Assault Counterattack, 0900 Hours
1 Mile
Loc Ninh
273(-)
PLAF
Articles
6
“The
Coming of
Modern War”
The Coalition War
in North Burma, 1944
By Christopher L. Kolakowski
30
Xa Loc Thien
South Vietnamese
Subsector Headquarters
Opening
Moves
Special Forces Camp
13
LOC NINH
From
Combat
Operations: Staying
the Course, October
1967 to September 1968
Howitzer
II
2
A
By Erik B. Villard
3
to
The Chief’s Corner
Charles R. Bowery Jr.
U
pdating the
R
egUlatoRy
F
oUndation
oF
a
Rmy
h
istoRy
appy New Year to all of you in the commu-
nity of Army historians. The year 2018 will
see two notable Army anniversaries, with
the Vietnam Fiftieth and the World War I Centennial
hitting their high points over the coming spring and
summer. Even during this busy time, many of you
will be engaged in much-needed collaboration with
the Center of Military History (CMH) to update our
community’s two most important regulations. Army
Regulation (AR) 870–5,
Military History: Responsibili-
ties, Policies, and Procedures,
and AR 870–20,
Army
Museums, Historical Artifacts, and Art,
are currently
under revision by teams composed of stakeholders
from across the Army History community. CMH’s
Field Programs and Historical Services Directorate,
under the leadership of Ken Foulks, is leading the
AR 870–5 rewrite, which is off to a great start after a
weeklong offsite hosted by the Army Heritage and Edu-
cation Center at Carlisle Barracks, Pennsylvania. Col.
Greg Baker and the Army Museum Enterprise (AME)
Directorate are conducting the AR 870–20 rewrite, and
this cross-functional team reports to the AME General
Officer Steering Committee. Both revised regulations
should go out for Army-wide staffing this summer,
with publication at the end of Fiscal Year 2018.
4
Army History
Spring 2018
H
I am excited and energized by the level of collabo-
ration and engagement that I have seen thus far in
both cases. This speaks both to the passion and com-
mitment that all Army historians bring to our craft,
and to the serious need for improvement of both of
these core documents. AR 870–5 was last amended
over a decade ago, and much has changed across the
Army, particularly in our institutional base. We need
a foundational regulation that acknowledges this new
reality in terms of staffing levels, budgets, and the ac-
celeration of change in the digital age. The December
2016 signature of the Army directive creating the AME
instructed CMH to revise AR 870–20 to account for
these changes in our management construct for mu-
seums. It is vital that we revise both regulations in a
transparent and collaborative way, so that all Army
historians and museum professionals have regulations
that facilitate their activities. Thanks to all of you in
advance for participating in this process. Let’s continue
to Educate, Inspire, and Preserve in 2018!
follow construction progress at www.
armyhistory.org.
i
N
M
eMoriaM
: J
aMes
a. s
peraw
J
r
.
(1955–2017)
James “Jim” Allen Speraw Jr. was born
in Waterbury, Connecticut, and began a
three-year enlistment in the U.S. Army
in June 1973 immediately after graduat-
ing from high school. He attended basic
training at Fort Dix, New Jersey, and
was assigned to Fort George G. Meade,
Maryland, in 1974.
Jim began volunteering at the Fort
Meade Museum in 1975 and one year
later joined the Connecticut Army
National Guard, where he served until
1978. In 1980 he was hired as a museum
technician at Fort Meade and in Sep-
tember 1981 joined the Maryland Army
National Guard as a sergeant, eventually
attaining the rank of staff sergeant.
During the Persian Gulf War, Jim
volunteered for active service as part of
the U.S. Army special property recovery
team, for which he earned the Bronze
Star. After his release from active duty
on 12 September 1991, he reported to
his new position as staff curator at the
U.S. Army Center of Military History
(CMH) and in 1994 deployed to Haiti
as the Department of Defense liaison
for historic property during Opera-
tion Uphold Democracy. After the
terrorist attack on the Pentagon on 11
N
atioNal
M
useuM of the
u
Nited
s
tates
a
rMy
: C
oNstruCtioN
u
pdate
As 2017 came to a close, the building
of the National Museum of the United
States Army achieved several key
milestones. The construction of the
185,000-square-foot building began
in March 2017. The concrete founda-
tion was finished by early summer,
four oversized macro artifacts were
installed in August, and the last steel
structural beam was placed in Novem-
ber. Crews are moving toward the next
major goals of completing the roof
and assembling exterior architectural
elements. Infrastructure work, includ-
ing the installation of roads, water
and sewer lines, and other utilities,
also continues. The Army Historical
Foundation is privately funding the
construction of the museum and
Clark Construction Group, LLC, is the
building firm.
“This is an exciting time in the
construction of the National Army
Museum because the building’s exte-
rior is visibly changing every week,”
remarked the museum’s director,
Tammy E. Call. “The Army’s exhibit
staff and contractors are also hard at
work for when they get the go-ahead to
move in and start turning the building
into a museum.”
For more information on the Na-
tional Museum of the United States
Army, visit www.theNMUSA.org and
September 2001, Jim served with the
joint service recovery team for historic
property. In 2002, he helped build the
Maryland National Guard Museum at
the Fifth Regiment Armory in Balti-
more, and in October of the same year
retired from the Maryland National
Guard. Jim deployed to Iraq in 2003 as
an Army curator with the 101st Air-
borne Division during Operation Iraqi
Freedom. In 2010, Jim, a staff cura-
tor with CMH’s Collections Branch,
Museum Division, moved from 14th
Street NW, Washington, D.C., to Fort
Belvoir, Virginia. His final assignment
for the Army came when he returned
to where he started his civilian career
at the Fort Meade Museum, which he
helped prepare for permanent closure.
Having served the U.S. Army for a
combined total of forty-four years, Jim
was unsurpassed in his knowledge of
Army weaponry, uniforms, and equip-
ment. He was always more than willing
to provide a helping hand to all his col-
leagues, but he is best remembered for
being a loving and caring individual. No
matter what the circumstances, he never
hesitated to assist people in some way.
Jim passed away on 14 October 2017 and
was laid to rest at Arlington National
Cemetery on 29 December 2017.
Aerial photography courtesy of Colonel Duane Lempke (USA Ret.)
5

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