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ARMYHISTORY
Spring 2017 
PB 20-17-2 (No. 103) Washington, D.C.
In This Issue
“Glad I Was in It”
By George C. Herring Jr.
An Iowa Doughboy in
the Great War, 1918–1919
Devil Dogs
with Army Wings
Marines with the
AEF Air Service in
the First World War
By Annette D. Amerman
6
30
1
U.S. Army Artifact Spotlight
24
U.S. Army Museum Feature
26
The Professional Bulletin of Army Histor y
The Professional Bulletin of Army Histor y
By Order of the Secretary of the Army:
MARK A. MILLEY
General, United States Army
Chief of Staff
Official:
GERALD B. O’KEEFE
Administrative Assistant to the
Secretary of the Army
Chief of Military History
Charles R. Bowery Jr.
Managing Editor
Bryan J. Hockensmith
Editors
William R. Scherer
Cheryl L. Bratten
Layout and Design
Michael R. Gill
Cartographer
Sherry L. Dowdy
Consulting Historians
Brian F. Neumann
Edgar F. Raines
The U.S. Army Center of Military History publishes
Army His-
tory
(ISSN 1546-5330) quarterly for the professional development
of Army historians and as Army educational and training literature.
The bulletin is available at no cost to interested Army officers, non-
commissioned officers, soldiers, and civilian employees, as well as to
individuals and offices that directly support Army historical work
or Army educational and training programs.
Correspondence, including requests to be added to the distri-
bution of free copies or to submit articles, should be addressed to
Managing Editor, Army History, U.S. Army Center of Military
History, 102 Fourth Ave., Fort Lesley J. McNair, DC 20319-5060, or
sent by e-mail to usarmy.mcnair.cmh.mbx.army-history@mail.mil.
Those individuals and institutions that do not qualify for free
copies may opt for paid subscriptions from the U.S. Government
Publishing Office. The cost of a subscription is $20 per year. Order
by title and enter List ID as ARHIS. To order online, go to http://
bookstore.gpo.gov. To order by phone, call toll free 866-512-1800,
or in the Washington, D.C., metropolitan area, 202-512-1800; by
fax, 202-512-2104; or by e-mail, contactcenter@gpo.gov. Send mail
orders to U.S. Government Publishing Office, P.O. Box 979050, St.
Louis, MO 63197-9000.
The opinions expressed in
Army History
are those of the authors,
not the Department of Defense or its constituent elements. The bul-
letin’s contents do not necessarily reflect official Army positions and
do not supersede information in other official Army publications or
Army regulations. The bulletin is approved for official dissemina-
tion of material to keep the Army knowledgeable of developments
in Army history and to enhance professional development. The
Department of the Army approved the use of funds for printing
this publication on 7 September 1983.
The reproduction of images not obtained from federal sources
is prohibited.
Issue Cover:
“Over the top” [close-up of doughboy in full
combat dress], photo taken by Spurr Studio, Waterloo, Iowa, c.
1919 /Library of Congress
This issue of
Army History,
which will be
published shortly before the centennial of
America’s entry into World War I, focuses almost
exclusively on that conflict. We are pleased to
present two excellent articles that deal with the
First World War from very different points of
view—from the trenches below and the skies
above. The first article, by eminent historian
George C. Herring Jr., tells the story of his father’s
time as a soldier fighting on the Western Front in
1918 and as part of the Army of Occupation in
1919. Herring’s narrative, constructed from his
father’s letters and diary entries, is a fascinating
look at the war through the eyes of a farm boy
from Iowa.
The second article, by Annette D. Amerman, the
head of the Historical Reference Branch, Marine
Corps History Division, shines a light on a little
know part of Army and Marine Corps history.
During World War I, six marines flew with the
Army as part of the American Expeditionary
Forces Air Service. Amerman has identified five
of these individuals and their unique stories of
interservice cooperation.
The Artifact Spotlight examines the restoration
of an M1916 White Armored Car from the World
War I period. The refurbishment, conducted at
the National Armor and Cavalry Museum at Fort
Benning, Georgia, has completely restored this
vehicle, which will soon be part of a countrywide
traveling exhibit. We also launch a new section in
this issue with the U.S. Army Museum Feature,
where, periodically,
Army History
will highlight
new galleries from the Army’s various field
museums. This issue showcases the new World
War I galleries at the West Point Museum.
In the Chief ’s Corner, Mr. Charles Bowery
discusses the number of upcoming commemorative
efforts and encourages the Army historical
community to use these events to educate the
Army about the importance of its own history. Mr.
Jon Hoffman, in his Chief Historian’s Footnote,
talks about the difficult, but essential, task of hiring
and keeping top-quality historians.
I continue to encourage readers to submit
articles on the history of the Army and invite
constructive comments about this publication.
Bryan J. Hockensmith
Managing Editor
Spring 2017
Features
04
News Notes
05
U.S. Army Artifact
24
Spotlight
U.S. Army Museum
26
Feature
Book Reviews
43
Chief Historian’s
55
Footnote
Chief’s Corner
Articles
6
“Glad I
Was in It”
Iowa Doughboy
in the Great War,
1918–1919
By George C. Herring Jr.
30
Devil Dogs
with Army
Wings
Marines with the
AEF Air Service in
the First World War
By Annette D. Amerman
3
The Chief’s Corner
Charles R. Bowery Jr.
n my daily interactions with our Army, it is apparent
to me that history and heritage matter a great deal to
soldiers. Our chief of staff, General Mark A. Milley,
brought this point home recently in an address at the 2016
Association of the United States Army Annual Meeting. He
spoke to the audience about the Army’s current priorities
and challenges, and on the dais where he stood was a display
with an M1 Garand rifle. The rifle was carried by Pvt. Martin
Teahan, an 82d Airborne Division paratrooper who jumped
into Normandy on 6 June 1944, and was killed in action a few
weeks later. A French farmer recently discovered the weapon
in his field and notified the local authorities. Last year,
General Milley’s French counterpart donated the restored
rifle to the U.S. Army as a symbol of gratitude, respect, and
comradeship. Currently the M1 occupies a proud place in
the chief’s office and is destined for the National Museum
of the United States Army. General Milley told the audience
that for him, that rifle is a powerful symbol of the Army’s
purpose should deterrence falter. No one in attendance that
morning could fail to understand the powerful message
conveyed through a piece of our shared heritage.
We are entering an exciting period of the commemorations
of significant events in Army history. These remembrances
will help us build on the sentiments expressed by the
chief in his remarks. This year marks the one hundredth
anniversary of the American entry into World War I,
and on 6 April, a variety of events here in Washington
and around the country will commemorate America’s
declaration of war in 1917. At the Pentagon, Army leaders
will officially open our program of World War I Centennial
activities, and at the National World War I Museum
in Kansas City, Missouri, the National World War I
Centennial Commission is preparing for an event involving
a number of U.S. Army units. Summer 2017 and 2018 will
see key U.S. World War I anniversaries, and planning
is under way for events here in the United States and in
France. By the time you read this column, Headquarters,
Department of the Army, will have issued an execution
order covering service commemoration activities, and
the Center of Military History’s (CMH) new World War I
Centennial Web site will be up and running with a link on
the CMH homepage at www.history.army.mil.
I
In late 2017, we will approach the fiftieth anniversary of
the Tet Offensive in Vietnam, and planning is under way for
a number of commemorative events, which will take place
in the period stretching from Veteran’s Day 2017 through
Memorial Day 2018. We are partnering with the United
States of America Vietnam War Commemoration to honor
the service of the Vietnam generation. CMH will publish Erik
Villard’s book on combat operations in Vietnam in 1967–1968,
and we continue to publish our Vietnam War commemorative
pamphlets, linked to the wartime events they cover.
These significant anniversaries offer us the opportunity to
engage with Army history in three dimensions. In carrying
out commemorative activities, we first, remember, and
second, honor the service and sacrifice of so many who have
worn the Army uniform. Remembrance of our shared past
is critical to esprit de corps and acculturation. History and
heritage matter to soldiers who serve today, and to veterans
as well. But for our continued service to the nation, I submit
that the third dimension of engagement with Army history,
education, is the most important. It is only by examining
our past with a critical eye that we can profit from it, gaining
perspective and building individual critical-thinking skills
that are so important to service in the complex environments
in which the Army is involved today. This, after all, is why
the Army Historical Program exists in the first place—to
provide a home for our service’s institutional memory, a
priceless resource for our Army and the nation.
I once heard a highly respected historian tell a group
that he constantly met people who wanted their history
in the form of “bedtime stories,” neat packages of easily
resolved conf licts that confirmed their preconceived
notions and made them feel better about the world around
them. There can be a danger in allowing our official
history program to focus solely on commemoration
and heritage. If we fail to take that next step and engage
thoughtfully with the past, it can become a bedtime story.
Let’s collectively pledge to do both—remember and honor,
but also learn. In doing so, history and historians remain
an indispensable Army capability.
Army Historians Educate, Inspire, and Preserve!
4
Army History
Spring 2017
CMH W
orld
W
ar
I C
entennIal
W
eb
S
Ite
The Center of Military History
(CMH) has launched a World War I
Centennial Web site, which will tell
the story of the U.S. Army in World
War I. New content will be released
periodically between January 2017
and May 2019 and will be organized
into four parts containing a total
of thirty chapters. The site will also
provide a calendar of World War I
commemorative events, a historical
timeline, and a catalog of resources
and related publications. It can be
accessed from the CMH home page
at www.history.army.mil.
CMH r
eleaSeS
n
eW
P
ublICatIonS
CMH recently released two new
publications. The first,
Joining the Great
War: April 1917–April 1918,
by Eric B.
Setzekorn, is the second title in CMH’s
U.S. Army Campaigns of World War
I series. It chronicles the first year of
the American involvement in World
War I and briefly summarizes the
prewar U.S. Army, the initial American
reaction to the outbreak of war in
Europe in 1914, and the factors that
led to the U.S. declaration of war in
April 1917. The pamphlet examines
how the U.S. Army transformed itself
from a small constabulary force into
a mass, industrialized army capable
of engaging in modern warfare. The
author covers stateside mobilization and
training, the formation of the American
Expeditionary Forces, the slow buildup
of American forces in France, and
concludes with U.S. soldiers helping to
blunt the first phase of the 1918 German
Spring Offensive. This pamphlet has
been issued as CMH Pub 77–3.
The second publication is titled,
The Surge, 2007–2008,
by Nicholas J.
Schlosser. This pamphlet is the first in the
new series The U.S. Army Campaigns
in Iraq. To set the stage, Schlosser
utive director at CMH where he is
responsible for overseeing operations,
strategic planning, and assessment
efforts on Army matters concerning
military history. A native of Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania, he has been a soldier
since he enlisted in the U.S. Army
Reserve in 1988. He has served at all
levels of command from an infantry
platoon leader to battalion commander
and brigade executive officer. He is a
graduate of the U.S. Army War College
and the Command and General Staff
College and holds multiple degrees
including a bachelor’s in history, three
master’s, and a doctorate in education.
He has been awarded the Meritorious
Service Medal, Army Commendation
and Army Achievement Medals, a
Combat Infantryman Badge, Ranger
Tab, and Parachutist Badge, among
others. Colonel McBurnette is married
and has one son.
provides an overview of the region and
the situation that led to the increase
in insurgent activities as well as the
command structure of U.S. forces. He
provides a discussion of key operations
during the surge, including Fardh
al-Qanoon, Phantom Thunder,
Arrowhead Ripper, Marne Torch,
and Phantom Strike. The booklet
concludes with the status-of-forces
agreement between the United States
and Iraq drafted at the end of 2008. This
monograph has been issued as CMH
Pub 78–1.
Both publications will be available for
purchase by the general public from the
Government Publishing Office.
CMH W
elCoMeS
n
eW
d
ePuty
e
xeCutIve
d
IreCtor
Col. Voris W. McBurnette Sr. has
assumed the position of deputy exec-
5

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