Los Tucsonenses- The Mexican Community in Tucson, 1854–1941.pdf

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Contents
Foreword
Acknowledgments
Introduction
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Xlll
1.
Sonoran Tucson
2. The Anglos Arrive
9
21
3.
Peacock in the Parlor:
Frontier Tucson's Mexican Elite
41
4.
Del Rancho ... : The Rural Exodus
55
75
5.
... Al Barrio: The Urban Experience
Vll
CONTENTS
6. Hombres de Empresa y Profesionales:
The Rise of Tucson's Mexican Middle Class
93
7.
La Colonia Hispano-Americana: Tucson's Mexican Community
at the Turn of the Century
III
8.
La Familia: Family, Marriage and the Role of
Women in the Mexican Community
131
151
9.
La Fe: Religion in the Mexican Community
10.
Enclavement and Expansion: The Struggle Against
Discrimination During World War
I
and the
1920s
11.
Entertainment and the Arts
12.
La Crisis
13.
Mexicans and The Tucson Public School System
14.
Mexicans in Tucson on the Eve of World War
II
15.
Conclusions: Race and Class in Tucson
165
189
207
217
235
249
REFERENCE MATERIAL
Appendix
A:
The Demographic Structure of Tucson's Anglo and
Hispanic Population,
1860, 1880,
and
1900
Appendix B: Tucson's Occupational Structure,
1860-1940
Appendix
C:
Birthplace of Tucson's Spanish-Surnamed Population,
259
263
1860, 1880,
and
1900
Vlll
267
CONTENTS
Appendix
D:
Typology of Hispanic and Anglo Households
in Tucson, 1880 and 1900
Chapter Notes
Bibliography
Index
MAPS AND CHARTS
269
271
303
315
Tucson and the Greater Southwest
4.1 Tucson's Fields in 1862
4.2 Tucson in the 1860s
4.3 Tucson's Fields in 1876
5.1 Mexican Settlement in Tucson, 1881
5.2 The Occupational Structure of Tucson's Anglo and Mexican Work
Force, 1860 and 1880
7.1 Mexican Settlement in Tucson, 1897
7.2 The Occupational Structure of Tucson's Anglo and
Mexican Work Force, 1880 and 1900
8.1 The Age-Sex Structure of Tucson's Anglo and
Mexican Population, 1860, 1880, and 1900
10.1 The Occupational Structure of Tucson's Anglo and
Mexican Work Force; 1920 and 1940
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XVI
60
61
62
81
86
123
128
133
185
CONTENTS
10.2 Mexican Settlement in Tucson, 1920
187
14.l
The Occupational Structure of Tucson's Anglo and
Mexican Work Force, 1920 and 1940
14.2 Mexican Settlement in Tucson, 1940
236
238
TABLES
1.
Tucson's Population, 1860-1940
3
8.1 Typology of Mexican and Anglo Households
in Tucson, 1880 and 1900
8.2 Typology of Mexican Households
in Tucson, 1900
8.3 Status of Mexican Household Heads,
1880 and 1900
8.4 Pima County Marriages, 1872-1910
143
149
137
136
15.1
Occupational Structure of the Mexican Work Forces in
Selected Southwestern Cities, 1860-1940
250
x
Foreword
The Mexican Heritage Project, out of which this book was envisioned and
became a reality, was a grass roots effort of the Mexican American com-
munity of Tucson to collect and document its own history. In every sense it
was a treasure hunt carried out in the tradition of our Hispanic forefathers
who first came to the Southwest in search of gold and glory. Those involved
in the Mexican Heritage Project-many of whom were fifth-and sixth-
generation descendants of those early explorers and settlers-were also
searching for riches. But it was not the fabled wealth of cities of gold or
mountains of silver sought by our ancestors.
It
was a quest, instead, for the
motherlode of our history which had lain undiscovered and forgotten for
generations in our community. Our efforts proved to be enormously success-
ful. The Mexican Heritage Project untapped a hidden vein which produced
an enormous wealth of photographs, memoirs, artifacts, and documents which
became the foundation on which this book was researched and written.
It
is
this very community involvement in the telling of its own story that breathes
life into this book and gives it heart.
This book fulfills a promise to the Mexican American people of Tucson
whose history, culture, and contributions were in danger of being lost
through neglect and "progress." For Tucson is a fast-growing Sun-Belt city
whose gleaming skyscrapers, championship golf courses, world class resorts,
and high tech industries belie the centuries of Hispanic history upon which
this modern metropolis was built. For the Old Pueblo, as Tucson is affection-
ately called, is the ancestral home of the Mexican American people. It was
here, under three flags, that our forefathers tilled the land, built the ranches,
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