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Web Malware Injection FAQ
Version 1.0
February 12, 2010
Web Malware Injection
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
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What is a Web application? ........................................................................................................................... 3
How are Web applications created? .............................................................................................................. 3
What are the threats to Web applications? ................................................................................................... 4
What is a hacker? .......................................................................................................................................... 4
Why are Web applications vulnerable to Hackers? ........................................................................................ 5
What is malware injection (Part I)? ................................................................................................................ 5
What is Malware? ......................................................................................................................................... 5
What is malicious code? ................................................................................................................................ 6
In a Web application context, what is injection? ............................................................................................ 6
Where is the code injected to? .................................................................................................................. 7
What is drive‐by downloading?.................................................................................................................. 8
Why was malware injection created? ........................................................................................................ 8
Why does malware injection utilize “legitimate” websites? ..................................................................... 10
Why should website owners care about malware Injection? .................................................................... 11
Why is search engine blacklisting a concern? ........................................................................................... 11
If my website is flagged by Google as malicious what is the next step? .................................................... 12
Why does malware injection target Internet users? ................................................................................. 13
Why should Internet users care about malware Injection?....................................................................... 13
What is social engineering? ..................................................................................................................... 13
What is the role of Social Engineering in malware injection?.................................................................... 14
What is malware injection (Part II)? ......................................................................................................... 14
What are the components of malware injection? .................................................................................... 15
How is malicious code injected into a vulnerable web page? ................................................................... 16
What type of malicious code is injected into the vulnerable Web application? ........................................ 17
What is an iframe? .................................................................................................................................. 17
What is javascript? .................................................................................................................................. 17
© 2010 Armorize Technologies Inc. All Rights Reserved
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Web Malware Injection FAQ
Version 1.0
February 12, 2010
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What is the relevance of iframes and javascript in malware injection? .................................................... 18
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What does injected code look like? ......................................................................................................... 18
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What happens when user requests a web page with injected code? ........................................................ 19
What is meant by a browser exploit ........................................................................................................ 20
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What happens once the browser has been exploited? ............................................................................. 20
What is malware injection (Part III)? ........................................................................................................ 20
How do I know my website is infecting my customers with malware?...................................................... 22
When manually testing for Malware injection what precautions are necessary? ...................................... 23
How do I know my website has been injected? ........................................................................................ 24
Is there a general format for injected code? ............................................................................................ 25
How can I tell if my website has injected iframes? ................................................................................... 25
How can I tell if my website has injected javascript? ................................................................................ 26
Are the other means of malware injection besides iframes? .................................................................... 29
How can I tell if my website has injected objects such as flash or PDFs?................................................... 30
How do I know my database has been injected? ...................................................................................... 30
What other services might a hacker exploit for injection? ........................................................................ 31
If my website is injected, is my web server or Operating System also compromised? ............................... 31
If a web server hosts multiple websites, are they all affected by a single injection? ................................. 32
If my website is downloading malware to users how do I mitigate? ......................................................... 32
If my website is downloading malware to users how do I remediate? ...................................................... 33
© 2010 Armorize Technologies Inc. All Rights Reserved
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Web Malware Injection FAQ
Version 1.0
February 12, 2010
1.
What is a Web application?
A Web application
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is a software application that is accessed via a web browser over a network such as the
Internet.
Generally speaking, Web applications provide dynamic web pages that facilitate interaction between Internet
users and more complex components that drive applications such as online payment systems, social networking
sites or web‐based email.
Web application technology has boosted online business capabilities and has entered the corporate workplace as
a means of reducing overhead associated with software installed on a per‐computer basis.
2. How are Web applications created?
Basic Web applications are typically created using code which the browser renders into a web page. The most
typical example of this is HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) used in static websites.
HTML combined with multimedia plugins and scripting functionality presents more dynamic functionality to the
browser while Web application development platforms and databases provide business logic and data storage
capabilities. This enables development of complex feature‐rich applications that can be delivered to end‐users via
web browser.
Figure 1: Basic Web Application Architecture
A Web application can be considered a more complex and feature rich form of the commonly used term “website”. Both are accessed
from a web browser by an address that takes the http://www.abc.com format. However it is assumed that a website simply presents
pages with static content to a browser while a web application has higher level components for business logic processing and data storage.
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© 2010 Armorize Technologies Inc. All Rights Reserved
3
Web Malware Injection FAQ
Version 1.0
February 12, 2010
No matter what technology is used to create the Web application, it is important to note that all of its features
are nothing more than carefully coded statements that the browser processes and presents to the end‐user.
This can be demonstrated using a standard web browser such as Firefox or Internet Explorer. When viewing a
web page, on the top menu, Click View and Page Source (Firefox) or Source (IE) to view the actual source code
from which the displayed page has been rendered. This is demonstrated in Figure 2.
Figure 2: Web Page with Source Code
3. What are the threats to Web applications?
Web applications present the corporate image to a global audience. The website is the first port of call for
anyone looking to learn more about given company. However, are also exposed to malicious elements who seek
to use this public presence as means of damaging corporate reputation, stealing resources or as a point from
which to launch Internet‐wide information system attacks.
4. What is a hacker?
The term “Hacker” has seen many definitions since it was coined over 40 years ago. However, the general
consensus nowadays is that hackers are individuals or groups that seek to circumvent security controls in order to
compromise the confidentiality, integrity and/or availability of electronic information systems.
While there are numerous hacker subclasses with varying technology focus and skill levels, the term “Hacker” is
used exclusively throughout this document. It is also assumed that the primary targets of hackers’ attention are
Web applications.
© 2010 Armorize Technologies Inc. All Rights Reserved
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Web Malware Injection FAQ
Version 1.0
February 12, 2010
5. Why are Web applications vulnerable to Hackers?
Traditionally, when software applications were deployed, they were protected not only by some form of user
credentials but also through physical and network level separation from the rest of the world. However with the
advent of online business, a more mobile workforce and increased availability requirements, these applications
are now hosted on Web‐facing servers which are reachable by anyone with a connection to the Internet.
The ubiquitous nature – and constant exposure ‐ of Web applications combined with the relative immaturity of
the technology makes them particularly vulnerable to repeated and ever‐evolving attacks from hackers who
comfortably enjoy the anonymity that the Internet provides.
6. What is malware injection (Part I)?
Malware injection is the act of inserting – or injecting
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malicious code into a web page so that so that when
Internet users browse the page their computer
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is infected with malware.
It is important to note that the ultimate target of a malware injection attack is rarely the website itself. The
hacker generally wants to quietly insert code into the Web application in order to compromise every computer
that browses the website.
The methods used to inject code, the types of code and the actual malware
categories are discussed in more detail throughout this document.
7. What is Malware?
Malware is the industry term used to generally describe malicious software, i.e., software that is designed to
compromise the confidentially, integrity or availability of computer systems.
The term “Malware” is broader than the better known expression “Virus” as it also encompasses Worms, Trojan
Horses, Rootkits, Spyware, Adware, Crimeware, Robot (botnet) Clients, etc.
A detailed discussion of these
specific terms is beyond the scope of this document. For more information refer to Wikipedia’s malware page
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It is assumed that malware is unwanted software that installs without the computer user’s knowledge or consent
and results in activities such as:
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Note the term “Computer” is used here to refer to all platforms used by an average Internet user surfing the web. This could be a
desktop computer, laptop, mobile device, smartphone etc. It is distinct from a “Server” which is the advanced computing platform used to
host the Web application.
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malware
© 2010 Armorize Technologies Inc. All Rights Reserved
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