capturing_heat.pdf

(1045 KB) Pobierz
Capturing HEAT
Five Earth-Friendly
Cooking Technologies
and How to Build Them
By Dean Still and Jim Kness
Aprovecho Research Center
Illustrations by Loki Quinnangeles, Cathy White, Shon Lenzo,
Lynn Forbes, Amelia Ettinger
Aprovecho is a center for research, experimentation, and
education on alternative technologies that are ecologically
sustainable and culturally responsive. Our fields of study include
organic gardening, sustainable forestry, indigenous skills, and
appropriate technology. The center is located on a beautiful 40
acre land trust near Eugene, Oregon.
Since 1976, Aprovecho Research Center has been involved with
developing energy efficient and non-polluting inventions that
reflect current research but which are designed to be made in
most any country. The tools are designed to be self built and self
repaired. The technologies are used at the research center.
Students and staff are constantly working to improve designs for
efficiency, ease of use, and general utility.
The center is largely supported by its internship program. Three
ten week semesters are offered per year. Classes begin in March,
June, and September. Classes are both lecture and hands-on,
providing the college aged or older student a chance to live in
and learn with a community of teachers dedicated to sustainable
living and voluntary simplicity. Please contact us for further
information.
Additional copies of this book are available for $7 postpaid from: Aprovecho Research
Center, 80574 Hazelton Road, Cottage Grove, Oregon 97424, (541) 942-8198. Copies
are available for the cost of postage to those working to benefit the poor.
2
Capturing
HEAT
2nd Edition—Newly revised and updated.
By Dean Still and Jim Kness
Contents:
4 INTRODUCTION
4 Saving Biomass Resources Worldwide
7 MARIA TELKES SOLAR COOKER
8 How to Design a Powerful Solar Cooker
10 How to Build the Plywood Telkes Cooker
16 CONICAL COOKER
16 Reflections on Solar Cooking
19 THE WINIARSKI ROCKET STOVE (ESTUFA ROCKY)
20 How to Build the Rocket Stove
22 Insulation and High Mass in Stoves (and Houses)
26 Concerning Stove Efficiency
26 How to Make a Rocket Stove with Tin Cans
29 HAYBOXES (INSULATED COOKERS)
31 THE ROCKET BREAD OVEN
33 How to Construct the Winiarski Rocket Oven
35 VISIT THE RESEARCH CENTER
3
Introduction
This booklet is an introduction to more
efficient ways of cooking food using renew-
able resources. The five stoves and ovens
presented here are like well-proven recipes:
each has been built and tested and used at the
Research Center. They all use solar energy to
cook food; some use it directly and others are
designed to burn biomass, like wood, that
stores sunlight in the form of chemical energy.
Aprovecho uses each new design before
teaching people about it, to make sure that a
design is worthwhile. The staff at Aprovecho
concentrate primarily on household technolo-
gies, figuring that cooking is the most impor-
tant job that is done involving technology. If
people don't cook, they don't usually get to
eat!
So, here are five "recipes" for ecologically
sensitive ways of making the foods that you
love. Many of these designs have been built in
various countries around the world. Each
culture has produced a stove slightly different
from antecedent designs. In many ways this
process is very much like a recipe where each
culture produces exotic and wonderful varia-
tions of a theme. We invite you to make your
very own stove and then make something
delicious with it! Why not share successes,
both technological and culinary, with neigh-
bors and friends who might appreciate both?
more efficient ways of preparing food, raising
crops, building composting toilets, cisterns,
etc. Today, our focus has widened a bit to
include research into solar technologies:
desalinators, dryers, refrigerators, water
heaters and cookers. The wood burning stove
designs have become a great deal more effi-
cient and they fit into an integrated "system"
of cooking that has evolved over the years.
Saving Biomass Resources Worldwide
Aprovecho has been involved with stove
design and cooking systems for more than
fifteen years. The Research Center near Cot-
tage Grove, Oregon was created by consult-
ants to the Peace Corps and other Aid Agen-
cies who worked overseas helping to create
4
The Winiarski Rocket Stove.
Deforestation due in part to fuel needs
represents a major threat to ecosystems in
many developing countries. Obviously, the
answer to threatened forests is to grow trees
at a faster rate than forest products are con-
sumed. Wood can then be used at a sustain-
able rate, where less is taken than produced.
Taking a greater amount insures a diminished
resource and, if the trend continues, an even-
tual loss. Many countries in the world will
run out of wood, long before they run out of
gasoline and oil!
No cooking tool will be universally adapt-
able in different situations and cultures. One
design will not be applicable to all settings,
because resources, climates, acceptance,
patterns of use, etc., vary from place to place.
The designs presented here are single at-
tempts at melding working principles with
available resources, which includes the hu-
man component. All designs are expected to
be modified to fit into a given situation. That's
why Aprovecho believes very strongly in
teaching people to be designers, not in just
teaching designs. No single unchanging
design can be considered an "appropriate
technology"; local people must help in the
design process to create a useful appliance.
The five cooking devices make up an inte-
grated system of cooking that allows the user
options and choices. Any design will help in
cooking more efficiently, but using devices in
combination can result in more dramatic
savings. For example, a fuel efficient stove
coupled with an insulated cooker can save
tremendous amounts of firewood. A fuel
efficient woodstove, by itself, saves no more
than 30 to 40 percent of the fuel used in cook-
ing over an open fire. The use of an insulated
cooker is essential.
This system involves designs that
are easy to learn to make. When it's
sunny, it's possible to cook using a
very powerful solar oven, with
many reflectors. You can boil water
using sunshine by building a conical
concentrator. When the sun isn't
shining, which has been known to
happen here in the Pacific North-
west, the staff at Aprovecho can
cook using a "Rocket" wood fired
stove which is very efficient and
almost smoke free. Baking is done in
5

Plik z chomika:

Inne pliki z tego folderu:

Inne foldery tego chomika:

Zgłoś jeśli naruszono regulamin