Vickers B. (ed.), Francis Bacon, 1996.pdf

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THE
OXFORD
AUTHORS
FRANCIS
BACON
EDITED
BY
BRIAN
VICKERS
Oxford
New
York
OXFORD
UNIVERSITY
PRESS
1996
Oxford
University
Press,
Walton Street,
Oxford
0x2
6
dp
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Cataloguing-in-Publication
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Bacon,
Francis,
1561
1626.
[Selections.
1996]
Francis
Bacon
/
edited
by
Brian
Vickers,
p.
cm.
—
(The
Oxford
authors)
Includes
bibliographical
references
and
index.
I.
Vickers,
Brian.
II.
Title.
III.
Series.
824.3—dc20
PR2205.V53
1996
95-16588
ISBN
0-19-254198-6
(hb).
ISBN
0-19-282025-7
(pb)
13579
10
8642
Typeset
by
Pure
Tech
India
Ltd,
Pondicherry.
India.
Printed
in
Great
Britain
on
acid-free
paper
by
Biddles
Ltd
Guildford
and
King's
Lynn
PREFACE
Originally
this
selection
from
Bacon
was
intended
to
include
many
of
his
scientific
works,
which
formed
the
basis
of
his
fame
in
the
seventeenth
century,
and
which
have
been
positively
revalued
in
recent
times
(see
Further
Reading,
§
7).
However,
these
were
mostly
written
in
Latin,
then
the
international
scholarly
language,
and
the
English
translations
by
Francis
Headlam
and
James
Spedding
in
the
standard
edition
on
which
this
selection
is
based
(that
produced
by
James
Spedding,
R.
L.
Ellis,
and
D. D.
Heath
between
1857
and
1874)
are
sometimes
inconsistent
and
anachronistic
in
rendering
key
concepts.
That
deficiency
could
be
corrected
by
selective
re-translation,
but
as
I
worked
on
annotating
the
texts
I
realized
that
I
was
having
to
evolve
two
different
types
of
annotation:
one
for
the
translated
texts
in
Victorian
English,
directed
to
explaining
the
scientific
concepts
and
argument,
and
a
quite
different
one
for
Bacon’s
original
Elizabethan
and
Jacobean
English
writings,
which
turned
out
to
require
a
large
amount
of
basic
semantic
and
philological
explication.
The
contrast
between
these
two
modes
of
annotation
became
so
extreme
that
I
found
myself
in
effect
editing
two
different
books;
so
I
decided
to
leave
the
scientific
works
for
some
other
occasion
and
devote
this
volume
solely
to
Bacon’s
writings
in
English.
This
change
of
plan,
while
delaying
its
publication
for
several
years,
meant
that
I
could
now
give
a
much
wider
coverage
of
Bacon’s
English
writings
than
any
single
volume
has
yet
attempted.
In
addition
to
the
obvious
major
works,
the
Advancement
of
Learning
(1605),
the
Essays
of
1625,
and
those
posthumously
published
New
Atlantis,
I
could
include
the
earliest
version
of
the
Essays
(1597),
selections
from
the
1612
Essays,
and
those
important
and
neglected
early
proto-dramatic
court
entertainments
that
he
produced
in
the
1590s.
But
I
could
also
include
representative
examples
of
his
writings
in
politics,
law,
and
theology,
not
reprinted
since
Spedding’s
time.
For
the
first
category,
politics,
I
have
chosen
to
illustrate
Bacon’s
independence
as
a
counsellor,
his
ability
to
make
a
rational
analysis
of
a
given
situation,
rather
than
simply
telling
his
superiors
what
they
wanted
to
hear.
My
selection
includes
his
plea
for
civil
tolerance,
An
Advertisement
touching
the Controversies
of
the
Church
of
England
of
£.1589-91
(pp.
1
ff
),
which
criticizes
the
policies
of
both
the
refor­
mers
and
the
Established
Church,
and
his
justification
of
Queen
VI
PREFACE
Elizabeth’s
foreign
and
domestic
policies
in
the
concluding
speech
Of
Tribute,
1592
(pp.
22
ff.).
These
two
pieces
were
produced
in
a
more-or-less
private
capacity
as
an
independent
adviser,
and
1
balance
them
with
two
legal
works
deriving
from
his
official
position
as
Attorney-General:
first,
his
Charge
touching
duels
of
1614
(pp.
304
ff.),
which
spells
out
the
attitude
of
the
government—or
indeed
any
responsible
member
of
society—to
that
source
of
conflict
and
waste;
secondly,
his
Charge
against
Somerset
of
1616
in
the
notorious
Overbury
poisoning
case
(pp.
314
ff.),
an
example
of
Bacon’s
legal
rhetoric
which,
for
reasons
explained
in
the
notes,
was
deliberately
subdued
on
this
occasion.
Most
of
Bacon’s
professional
writings
on
jurisprudence
are
too
technical
for
the
general
reader,
but
these
two
speeches
can
be
appreciated
without
such
professional
knowledge.
For
the
third
subject
area,
theology,
where
Bacon
wrote
not
as
an
expert
but
as
a
well-informed
layman,
I
have
chosen
excerpts
from
the
Religious
Meditations
(1597),
which
link
up
with
his
secular
writings
on
ethics,
and
the
important
Confession
of
Faith
(c.
1602),
a
unique
document
which
show?s
the
extent
to
which
Bacon’s
Protestant
(Calvinist)
inheritance
infused
the
whole
of
his
work,
including
natural
philosophy.
Finally,
I
have even
found
room
for
his
poems
and
verse
translations
of
the
Psalms.
Reprinting
these
little-known
works
will,
I
hope,
help
readers
ap­
preciate
the
range
and
diversity
of
Bacon’s
work.
However,
it
brought
with
it
three
further
requirements.
First,
the
need
to
provide
some
background
information
if
these
texts
were
to
be
properly
understood.
Few
readers,
other
than
specialists,
have
a
working
knowledge
of
ecclesiastical
controversies
in
the
1590s,
or
Calvinist
theology,
or
the
legal
status
of
duelling;
so,
in
the
head-notes
below
I
have
tried
to
give
the
necessary
minimum
context
for
us
to
understand
Bacon’s
choice
of
position
within
the
range
of
options
then
available.
From
Bacon’s
hundreds
of
surviving
letters
(still
neither
fully
identified
nor
edited),
I
have
included
three
which
record
crucial
stages
in
his
life:
that
to
Burghley
in
1592
(p.
20),
announcing
his
intention
to
devote
himself
to
the
advancement
of
intellectual
enquiry;
that
to
King
James
in
1621
(p.
326),
in
the
middle
of
the
political
crisis
which
resulted
in
him
being
deprived
of
all
public
offices;
and
another
letter
of
the
following
year
to
his
lifelong
friend
Lancelot
Andrewes
(p.
328),
showing
Bacon
resigned
to
a
new
existence
outside
public
life,
and
devoting
all
his
energies
to
intellectual
activities.
Annotating
these
letters
also
allowed
me
to
sketch
in
parts
of
Bacon’s
biography

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