Junior Worldmark Encyclopedia of the Nations (5th edition, 10-volume set, 2007) - UXL - Gale Group.pdf

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Junior Worldmark Encyclopedia
of the Nations, Fifth Edition
Table of Contents
Reader’s Guide
vi
Guide to Country Articles
xi
Afghanistan
1
Albania
17
Algeria
31
Andorra
49
Angola
59
Antigua and Barbuda
73
Argentina
85
Armenia
105
Australia
117
Austria
137
Azerbaijan
153
The Bahamas
165
Bahrain
177
Bangladesh
189
Barbados
203
Belarus
215
Belgium
227
Belize
241
Benin
253
Bhutan
267
Bolivia
279
Glossary
297
v
Reader’s Guide
Junior Worldmark Encyclopedia of the Nations,
Fifth Edition,
presents profiles of 194 coun-
tries of the world, arranged alphabetically from
Afghanistan to Zimbabwe, in 10 volumes. Eight
entries describing the dependencies of France,
the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and the
United States were added to this fifth edition.
Junior Worldmark
is based on the twelfth edition
of the reference work,
Worldmark Encyclopedia
of the Nations.
The
Worldmark
design organizes
facts and data about every country in a common
structure. Every profile contains a map, showing
the country and its location in the world.
For this fifth edition of
Junior Worldmark,
the pages were redesigned to make the infor-
mation more accessible to student researchers.
Facts were updated and elements were devel-
oped or expanded. The profile of the current
political leader of each country was expanded;
most leader profiles are accompanied by a photo.
Approximately 232 new photographs were cho-
sen to illustrate the landscape or society of the
countries of the world.
The
Junior Worldmark
structure—35 num-
bered headings—allows students to compare
two or more countries in a variety of ways. To
further the opportunity for comparisons, most
country profiles feature graphical presentations
vi
of data: Geographic Profile, Growth Rate of the
Economy, Components of the Economy, Yearly
Balance of Trade, and a standard table compar-
ing selected social indicators.
The Geographic Profile table ranks the
country in land area among the 194 countries of
the world. The highest and lowest points in the
country are given, as well as average rainfall and
temperature. The table entitled Selected Social
Indicators offers a snapshot of the country and
its development in relation to the other nations
of the world. Included are data for 11 key char-
acteristics—per capita gross national income,
population growth rate, people per square kilo-
meter of land, life expectancy, number of physi-
cians for every 1,000 people, pupils per teacher
in primary schools, literacy rate, number of tele-
vision sets and Internet users per 1,000 people,
and per capita energy consumption. To inform
the growing interest in worldwide greenhouse
gas emissions, the fifth edition now includes sta-
tistics on the country’s per capita carbon dioxide
emissions. The country’s statistics are compared
to the averages for low-income countries, high-
income countries, and the United States.
Because of differences in exchange rates, eco-
nomic systems, government instability or lack of
resources, and government reporting procedures,
Junior Worldmark Encyclopedia of the Nations,
Fifth Edition
Reader’s Guide
it is difficult—in some cases impossible—to find
data for all of the categories listed in the articles.
If a country profile lacks any of the graphical ele-
ments, in most cases it was due to lack of reliable
statistical information.
The statistics, however, are more than com-
plete enough to paint a disturbing picture of the
great discrepancy in wealth between the indus-
trialized nations and those of most of the rest
of the world. As every Selected Social Indicators
table illustrates, nearly half of the world’s people
live in countries where the yearly per capita gross
national product averages $2,258.
Because many terms used in this encyclope-
dia will be new to students, each volume includes
a comprehensive glossary. A keyword index to all
ten volumes appears in Volume 10.
National Anthem.
The title of the national
anthem is provided in the native language
(with English translation in parentheses). Some
anthems are untitled. In those cases, the first line
of the anthem, or the phrase commonly used to
refer to the anthem, is provided in the native lan-
guage (with English translation in parentheses).
Monetary Unit
of the country is described, with
Profile Features
Each country profile begins by defining eight
ways that the country is known to its neighbors
and to the rest of the world:
Country names
are reported in three forms.
information about its history where available.
Exchange rates are provided to give the student
a relative idea of the value of the currency, and
to enable broad comparisons between currencies
of different countries. For the nations that are
members of the European Union, conversions
are provided for the euro as well. For up-to-the-
minute information on exchange rates, the stu-
dent should consult a newspaper or bank.
Weights and measures
vary around the world,
and
Junior Worldmark
reports on the system used
by each country.
Holidays
listed are official public holidays cel-
The first, the common name, is the name most
English-speaking people use when talking about
the country. In smaller type below the common
name is the official name, in English. Finally, the
name, in the language of the country, appears in
italic type below the official name.
Capitals
are named in the common English-lan-
ebrated by the government and its citizens. A
movable holiday falls on a different date each
year, like Labor Day (first Monday in September)
in the United States.
Time
is standard time given by time zone in
guage form, with the native language (if avail-
able) following in parentheses.
National emblems and flags
are provided in
color on the end pages of each volume, and in
black and white accompanying the country’s
entry; the flag is also described in the text appear-
ing below the flag.
Junior Worldmark Encyclopedia of the Nations,
Fifth Edition
relation to Greenwich mean time (GMT). The
world is divided into 24 time zones, each one
hour apart. The Greenwich meridian, which is 0
degrees, passes through Greenwich, England, a
suburb of London. Greenwich is at the center of
the initial time zone, known as Greenwich mean
time (GMT). All times given are converted from
noon in this zone. The time reported for the
country is the official time zone.
vii

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