FOR 017 Troy c. 1700 1250 BC.pdf

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Fortress
OSPREY
PUBLISHING
Troy c. 1700-1250 BC
Nic Fields • Illustrated by D Spedaliere & S Sulemsohn Spedaliere
N I C FIELDS started his career
as a biochemist before joining
the Royal Marines for eight years.
Having left the military
he went back to university and
completed a BA and PhD in
Ancient History at the University
of Newcastle. He was Assistant
Director at the British School of
Archaeology, Athens, and is now
a lecturer in Ancient History at
the University of Edinburgh.
D O N A T O SPEDALIERE was
born in 1967 in Lausanne,
Switzerland, and moved to
Tuscany at the age of 10, where
he still lives. Having studied at
the Institute Nazionalecfi Belle
Arti in Florence he served in the
Italian A r m y as a paratrooper.
He is the chief illustrator of
Alina lllustrazioni, the company
he founded in 1998 with his
wife Sarah after many years
experience as a professional
illustrator.
SARAH S U L E M S O H N
SPEDALIERE graduated
from the Hebrew University
of Jerusalem. She has since
lectured at the University
of Florence and completed an
architecture degree in I 994.
Fortress
OSPREY
PUBLISHING
Troy
c.
1700-1250 BC
Nic Fields • Illustrated by D Spedaliere & S Sulemsohn Spedaliere
First published in Great Britain in 2004 by Osprey Publishing, Elms Court
Chapel Way. Botley. Oxford OX2 9LP. United Kingdom.
Email:
info@ospreypublishing.com
© 2004 Osprey Publishing Ltd.
All rights reserved. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study,
research, criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents
Act. 1988. no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,
or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, electrical, chemical, mechanical,
optical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission
of the copyright owner Enquiries should be addressed to the Publishers.
ISBN I 84176 703 4
Editorial by llios Publishing. Oxford. UK (www.iliospublishing.com)
Maps by The Map Studio, Romsey, UK
Index by David Worthington
Design: Ken Vail Graphic Design. Cambridge. UK
Originated by The Electronic Page Company. Cwmbran, UK
Printed and bound by L-Rex Printing Company Ltd.
04 05 06 07 08
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 I
Artist's note
Our sincere thanks to all who have helped in the preparation of
this book. We would like to dedicate this book to our dearest
daughter Alina.
Readers may care to note that the original paintings from which
the colour plates in this book were prepared are available for
private sale. All reproduction copyright whatsoever is retained by
the Publishers. All enquiries should be addressed to:
Sarah Sulemsohn
Tel-Fax: 00 39 0575 692210
info@alinaillustrazioni.com
alina@alinaillustrazioni.com
www.alinaillustrazioni.com
The Publishers regret that they can enter into no correspondence
upon this matter.
Editor's note
When classical authors are referred to throughout the text the
standard form of reference has been adopted. The formula used is
'author','title' (if the author wrote more than one work) followed
by a one-, two- or three-figure reference. If the work is a play or
poem, the figure reference indicates either 'line' or 'book' and
'line'. Thus 'Homer
(Odyssey
8.512)' refers to line 512 of the eighth
book of the Odyssey. Alternatively, if the work is a treatise, the
figure reference indicates 'book' and 'chapter' or 'book', 'chapter'
and 'paragraph'.Thus 'Strabo (13.1.32)' refers to paragraph 32 of
chapter I of the 13th book of the only surviving work by Strabo.
When modern authors are referred to throughout the text the
Harvard system of referencing has been adopted.The formula
used is'author', 'publication date' followed by page number(s).
Thus 'Drews (1993: 106)' refers to page 106 of his 1993
publication, that is,
The End of the Bronze Age: Changes in Warfare
and the Catastrophe c. 1200
BC
A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Ubrary.
FOR A CATALOGUE OF ALL BOOKS PUBLISHED BY OSPRET MILITARY
A N D A V I A T I O N PLEASE C O N T A C T :
Osprey Direct USA.c/o MBI Publishing, PO Box I,
729 Prospect Ave, Osceola. Wl 54020. USA.
Email:
lnfo@ospreydirectusa.com
Osprey Direct UK, PO Box 140, Wellingborough,
Northants. NN8 2FA. United Kingdom.
Email:
info@ospreydirect.co.uk
www.ospreypublishing.com
Contents
Introduction
C h r o n o l o g y of major Bronze Age events
Aegean Bronze Age chronology • Trojan Bronze Age chronology
4
5
8
13
The s t o r y so far
A burning ambition • Golden Troy • Old tales, new thoughts
The nine 'cities' of Troy
Location and landscape 'Troy I (c. 2900-2450 BC, Early Bronze Age II)
Troy II (c. 2450-2200 BC. Early Bronze Age II)
Troy III-V (c. 2200-1700 BC, Early Bronze Age III to Middle Bronze Age)
Troy VI (c. 1700-1250 BC, Middle Bronze Age to Late Bronze Age)
Troy VII (c. 1250-1050 BC. Late Bronze Age to Early Iron Age)
TroyVIII (c. 700-85 BC.Archaic to Hellenistic Periods)
Troy IX (48 BC-AD 550, Roman Period)
Mud-brick c o n s t r u c t i o n
Modern Egypt • Ancient Egypt • Mud and straw
Taking precautions • Pros and cons
29
Fortifications of Troy VI
Building programmes • Method of construction • Curtain-walls 'Towers • Gateways • Outer defences
34
46
51
57
'Woma n of To-ro-ja'
Of sheep and women • Sackers of cities
The W o o d e n Horse of Troy
Harbinger of doom • The 'Assyrian Horse' • Aineias' drill • Alternative means
'The castle of Priam blazing'
Against the wind • The stuff of legend
The site today
Bibliography
Glossary
Appendix I: H o m e r i c epithets f o r Troy
Index
60
61
62
63
64

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