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Make:

Sensors

Projects and Experiments to

Measure the World with

Arduino and Raspberry Pi

Tero Karvinen, Kimmo Karvinen

& Ville Valtokari

Electronics/Microcontrollers

Make:

Sensors

Sensors allow you to interact with the physical world in a way most of us never

could before—measure something, interpret the result, and take action based on

its value. Combined with inexpensive little computers like Arduino and Raspberry

Pi, you can make the physical world programmable. With this book, you’ll make

gadgets that can sense it all—from various gases to infrared light to acceleration.

Recommended for makers who are looking for powerful Arduino or Raspberry Pi

applications,

Make: Sensors

takes you from idea to reality quickly. You’ll create

polished projects using RGB LEDs, e-paper displays, and servo motors—and

ﬁnish them off with enclosures.

Learn about touch, light, temperature, humidity, gas, and magnetic sensors as

well as accelerometers and gyroscopes. Each chapter offers a new mini-project

and an environmental experiment that demonstrates how to combine different

technologies for a unique result.

In Make: Sensors, you’ll learn to build these projects:

Personal Breathalyzer with Arduino and an alcohol sensor

Email Smoke Alarm powered by Raspberry Pi

Haunted Ringing Bell with a hidden servo motor

Pong video game with Python and pyGame

Color-changing Chameleon Dome with an RGB LED and color sensor

Graphical sound visualizer that analyzes and display ambient sound

Make: Sensors teaches you to experience and understand your world more deeply by

enabling you to track, record, and interact with it in a fresh way.

More than 50 sensor-based experiments and projects

US $34.99 CAN $36.99

ISBN: 978-1-449-36810-4

Make: Sensors

Tero Karvinen, Kimmo Karvinen, and

Ville Valtokari

Make: Sensors

by Tero Karvinen, Kimmo Karvinen, and Ville Valtokari

Printed in Canada.

Published by Maker Media, Inc., 1005 Gravenstein Highway North, Sebastopol, CA 95472.

Maker Media books may be purchased for educational, business, or sales promotional use. Online editions

are also available for most titles (http:/

/oreilly.com/safari).

For more information, contact O’Reilly Media’s

corporate/institutional sales department: 800-998-9938 or

corporate@oreilly.com.

Editors:

Brian Jepson and Emma Dvorak

Production Editor:

Kristen Brown

Technical Editor:

Jason Tavares

Proofreader:

Julie Van Keuren

Indexer:

Judith McConville

Cover Designers:

Juliann Brown and Brian Jepson

May 2014:

2014-05-05:

2015-01-23:

2017-07-07:

First Edition

First release

Second release

Third release

Interior Designer:

Nellie McKesson

Illustrators:

Tero Karvinen, Kimmo Karvinen, and

Ville Valtokari

Photographer:

Kimmo Karvinen

Cover Photo:

Kimmo Karvinen

Revision History for the First Edition:

See

http:/

/oreilly.com/catalog/errata.csp?isbn=9781449368104

for release details.

Make:, Maker Shed, and Maker Faire are registered trademarks of Maker Media, Inc. The Maker Media logo

is a trademark of Maker Media, Inc.

Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as

trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and Maker Media, Inc. was aware of a trademark

claim, the designations have been printed in caps or initial caps.

While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and authors assume

no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of the information contained

herein.

ISBN: 978-1-449-36810-4

[TI]

Table of Contents

Preface

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi

Raspberry Pi

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Raspberry Pi from Zero to First Boot

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Extract NOOBS*.zip

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Connect Cables

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Boot and Install Raspbian

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Troubleshooting Your Raspberry Pi Installation

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Feeling at Home in Linux

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Command-Line Interface is Everywhere, Forever

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Looking Around

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Text Files for Configuration

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

sudo Make Me a Sandwich

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Connecting Electronics to Raspberry Pi Pins

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Hello GPIO, Blink an LED

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Building the Circuit

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Two Numbering Systems: Purpose and Location

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Controlling GPIO Pins from the CLI

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Writing to Files Without an Editor

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Light Up the LED

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Troubleshooting

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

GPIO Without Root

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Troubleshooting GPIO

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

GPIO in Python

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Hello Python

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

What’s Next?

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

iii

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