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THE FALKLANDS
1982
Ground operations in the South Atlantic
G FREMONT-BARNES
ILLUSTRATED BY G TURNER
© Osprey Publishing • www.ospreypublishing.com
CAMPAIGN • 244
THE FALKLANDS
1982
Ground operations in the South Atlantic
G FREMONT-BARNES
ILLUSTRATED BY G TURNER
Series editor
Marcus Cowper
© Osprey Publishing • www.ospreypublishing.com
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
CHRONOLOGY
OPPOSING COMMANDERS
Argentine commanders
British commanders
5
8
11
OPPOSING FORCES
Argentine ground forces
British ground forces
Orders of battle
14
OPPOSING PLANS
Argentine plans
British plans
22
THE CAMPAIGN
Argentine operations against South Georgia and the Falklands, 19 March to 3 April
Initial British response: South Georgia and Pebble Island, 21–28 April and 14 May
British landings at San Carlos, 21 May Hammer blow: Goose Green, 28 May
Preparations and approach to Stanley The final offensive Mount Longdon, 11–12 June
Mount Harriet, 11–12 June Two Sisters, 11–12 June Mount Tumbledown, 13–14 June
Wireless Ridge, 13–14 June
26
AFTERMATH
THE BATTLEFIELDS TODAY
BIBLIOGRAPHY AND FURTHER READING
84
91
94
95
INDEX
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Atlantic Conveyor
(25 May)
ARGENTINA
Coventry
(25 May)
SOU TH A TLAN TIC OC EA N
Cow Bay
North Falkland Sound
N
SOUTH
Pebble
Island
Saunders
Island
Douglas Settlement
Antelope
(23 May)
San
Port San Carlos
Carlos
Water
Teal Inlet
ATLANTIC
Falkland
Islands
San Carlos
Su
sse
xM
tns
Belgrano
(2 May)
0
Port Howard
500 miles
Ardent
(21 May)
Teal Inlet
Settlement
Top Malo House
0
500km
West Falkland
Falkland Sound
Estancia
House
Mt Kent
Bluff Cove Settlement
Berkeley Sound
East Falkland
Camilla Creek House
Darwin
Mt Longdon
Wireless Ridge
Stanley
Mt Tumbledown
Fitzroy Settlement
Mt Harriet
Sir Galahad
Two Sisters
(8 June)
Theatre of operations, April–June 1982
Goose Green Settlement
Fox Bay
Fox
Bay
Swan Inlet House
Weddell
Island
Lafonia
Choiseul
Sound
Swan Inlet
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Speedwell
Island
George
Island
Sea Lion Islands
0
0
20km
20 miles
Lively Island
The Argentine invasion force left the mainland on 28 March,
with Task Force (TF) 20 as its naval support based around the
cruiser
General Belgrano
and the carrier
Vincente de Mayo.
TF 40 consisted of 900 marines and army infantry with
immediate reinforcements. On 2 April the task force appeared
off Stanley, the landings proceeded and Government House
and Moody Brook Barracks were captured after brief resistance.
Sheffield
(4 May)
INTRODUCTION
No history of the Falklands campaign is complete without viewing the war
in the context of all its phases and all the arms of service involved. Thus,
while this volume concentrates on ground operations, an effort has been made
to set it in context of the air and naval operations. Yet, at the end of the day,
some of the most dramatic episodes must be seen as preliminary stages in the
ultimate phase of the campaign: operations on land, particularly in the
aftermath of Goose Green. Thus, Admiral Woodward’s naval operations, the
sinking of the
Belgrano,
the loss of the
Sheffield,
the operations conducted by
Argentine Super Etendards and British Harriers, the attack on the
Sir Galahad
– all are here subordinated to the operations of ground forces, from the
landings at San Carlos, through the initial attack at Goose Green to the final
push through the mountains west of Stanley.
The war is remarkable on many counts: the long period of build-up by
the British and the slow and steady approach of the Task Force, which
represented gradual, mounting pressure by an expeditionary force operating
at the extreme limits of its abilities. It represents a classic conventional conflict
– a rare feature indeed of modern warfare – with no atrocities committed
against civilians, no guerrilla operations as an adjunct to the principal
operations, and relatively low casualties – with about 250 British and over
LEFT
The most iconic image
of the ground campaign:
45 Commando Royal Marines
approaches Stanley in single
file down a rough track.
(Imperial War Museum,
FKD 2028)
RIGHT
Royal Marines raising the Union
Jack on landing at San Carlos
on 21 May. Land operations
concluded in little more than
three weeks – with time of the
essence in light of deteriorating
weather conditions which
affected operations in the air,
at sea as well as on the ground.
(Imperial War Museum, FKD 77)
5
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