Monarchs - chronological list (JAN 16, 2020).pdf

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MONARCHS: chronological lists
The following lists represent an attempt to provide a detailed and accurate account of the chronological
and genealogical sequence of monarchs from earliest times to the present in various historically
significant areas. Over time coverage will be gradually extended to include additional monarchies and
the various lists are occasionally revised and updated. Since this is an informal publication, annotation,
original research, and any bibliographical or reference notation are kept at a minimum. Political
formations that never attained sovereign (independent) status are generally not included in this
presentation.
The monarchs are listed in chronological order with a short note regarding their succession to the
throne. A short introduction is intended to provide a very basic overview of each monarchy and supply
some relevant notes. Names are presented in a standardized form reflecting current vernacular usage, or
in a faithful and consistent (even if "pedantic") transliteration if the vernacular does not employ a form of
the Latin alphabet.
See note on
transliteration.
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The Ancient Near East and Persia
1.
Earlier rulers of Mesopotamia
(traditional kinglists, chronology uncertain)
2.
Rulers of Assyria and Babylonia: chronology
1671-539 BC
3.
Earlier rulers of Egypt
(traditional kinglists, chronology uncertain)
4.
Rulers of Egypt: chronology
1540-310 BC
5.
Rulers of Elam: chronology
?-520 BC
6.
Rulers of the Hittites (Hatti) and select "Neo-Hittite" states: chronology
c.1600-c.700
BC
7.
Rulers of Mittani (Hanigalbat): chronology
c.1550-c.1250
BC
8.
Rulers of Israel and Judah: chronology
1030-586 BC
9.
Rulers of Damascus and select "Aramaean" states: chronology
?-c.700 BC
10.
Rulers of Urartu: chronology
c.860-c.600
BC
11.
Rulers of Media: chronology
c.700-c.550
BC
12.
Rulers of Phrygia and Lydia: chronology
c.750-c.547/30
BC
13.
Rulers of Persia: Achaemenid Empire: chronology
559-329 BC
14.
Rulers of Persia: Arsacid (Parthian) Empire: chronology
247 BC-AD 228
15.
Rulers of Persia: Sasanid (Neo-Persian) Empire: chronology
224-651
The Hellenistic World and the Clients of Rome
16.
Rulers of Mycenaean Greece
(traditional kinglists, chronology uncertain)
17.
Rulers of Sparta: chronology
1195-192 BC
18.
Rulers of Macedon: chronology
718-148 BC
19.
Rulers of Egypt: the Ptolemies: chronology
306-30 BC
20.
Rulers of Syria: the Seleucids: chronology
306-30 BC
21.
Rulers of Pergamon: the Attalids: chronology
283-129 BC
22.
Rulers of Epirus: chronology
429-157 BC
23.
Rulers of Gela and Syracuse: chronology
505-214 BC
24.
Rulers of Armenia: chronology
366 BC-AD 428
25.
Rulers of Bithynia: chronology
326-74 BC
26.
Rulers of Bosporus: chronology
438 BC-AD 370
27.
Rulers of Cappadocia: chronology
334 BC-AD 17
28.
Rulers of Cilicia: chronology
64 BC-AD 72
29.
Rulers of Commagene: chronology
170 BC-AD 72
30.
Rulers of Galatia and Paphlagonia: chronology
59-25/6 BC
31.
Rulers of Iberia and Lazica: chronology
200 BC-AD 580
32.
Rulers of Pontus: chronology
450 BC-AD 64
33.
Rulers of Thrace: chronology
450 BC-AD 46
34.
Rulers of Judaea (Hasmoneans and Herodians): chronology
166 BC-AD 92
35.
Rulers of Roman client states in Syria and Mesopotamia: chronology
169 BC-AD 106
36.
Rulers of Numidia and Mauretania: chronology
220 BC-AD 40
The Roman Empire and its Successors
37.
Roman and Byzantine emperors: chronology
27 BC-AD 1453 (Roman rulers at Rome,
Constantinople, Nicaea, Trebizond, Thessalonica, in Epirus, in Morea)
Barbarian Europe
38.
Rulers of the Anglo-Saxons: chronology
c.455-829
(Kent, East Anglia, Mercia, Northumbria, Sussex,
Essex, Wessex)
39.
Early Briton Rulers: chronology
c.400-889/1412
(Britons, Welsh, Dal Riata Scots, Picts, Strathclyde)
40.
Rulers of the Bavarians: chronology
c.555-788
41.
Rulers of the Burgundians: chronology
c.400-613
42.
Rulers of the Franks: chronology
c.460-751
43.
Rulers of the Gepids: chronology
c.450-567
44.
Rulers of the Lombards: chronology
c.500-774
45.
Rulers of the Ostrogoths: chronology
c.450-554
(including Odoaker)
46.
Rulers of the Suevi: chronology
406-585
47.
Rulers of the Thuringians: chronology
c.460-719
48.
Rulers of the Vandals: chronology
c.400-534
49.
Rulers of the Visigoths: chronology
c.395-714
50.
Rulers of the Western Steppes: chronology
c.375-1584
(Huns, Bulgars, Avars, Khazars)
Medieval and Modern Europe
51.
The Papacy: chronology
32-(present)
52.
Rulers of Albania: chronology
c.1190-1946
Rulers of Aragon: see Spain
53.
Rulers of Austria: chronology
976-1918 (including Carinthia, Carniola, Gorizia, Illyria, Istria and
Merania, Styria, and Tyrol)
54.
Rulers of Belgium: chronology
1549-(present)
55.
Rulers of Bohemia: chronology
870-1918 (including Moravia and Great Moravia)
56.
Rulers of Bosnia and Hercegovina: chronology
1254-1477
57.
Rulers of Bulgaria: chronology
629-1946
58.
Rulers of Burgundy: chronology
751-1806
Rulers of Byzantium: see Roman and Byzantine emperors
Rulers of Castile: see Spain
Rulers of Courland: see Latvia
59.
Rulers of Croatia and Slavonia: chronology
818-1945
60.
Rulers of Denmark: chronology
909-(present) (including Hedeby/Haithabu)
Rulers of England: see Great Britain
61.
Rulers of Finland: chronology
1250-1918
62.
Rulers of France: chronology
751-1870 (including Aquitaine, Brittany, Ducal and Comital Burgundy)
63.
Rulers of Galicia and Lodomeria: chronology
987-1918
64.
Rulers of Germany: chronology
751-1918 (including German kings and emperors, and various
German principalities)
65.
Rulers of Great Britain and the United Kingdom: chronology
802-(present) (including England,
Scotland, Wales, Moray, Strathclyde, Man, the Isles; see also Viking rulers in Britain)
66.
Rulers of Greece: chronology
1832-1973
67.
Rulers of Holy Roman Empire: chronology
800-1806 (for fuller list of monarchs see Germany; for
component states see Germany, Italy, Burgundy, Austria, etc.)
68.
Rulers of Hungary: chronology
895-1944
69.
Rulers of Ireland: chronology
445-1183 (see also Great Britain for 1183-1929)
70.
Rulers of Italy: chronology
774-1946 (including Savoy, Sardinia, Italy, Naples, Sicily, Two Sicilies,
and early modern north-Italian principalities; see also the Papacy and Venice)
Rulers of Kiev: see Russia
71.
Rulers of Latvia: chronology
1561-1795
72.
Rulers of Liechtenstein: chronology
1608-(present)
73.
Rulers of Lithuania: chronology
1204-1918
Rulers of Leon: see Spain
74.
Rulers of Luxembourg: chronology
963-(present)
Rulers of Majorca: see Spain
75.
Rulers of Monaco: chronology
1297-(present)
76.
Rulers of Montenegro:
chronology
c.971-1918
(including Zeta/Dioclea)
Rulers of Moldavia: see Romania
Rulers of Moravia: see Bohemia
Rulers of Naples: see Italy
Rulers of Navarre: see Spain
77.
Rulers of the Netherlands: chronology
1549-(present)
78.
Rulers of Norway: chronology
c.800-(present)
(including Vestfold)
79.
Rulers of Poland: chronology
963-1915
80.
Rulers of Portugal: chronology
1093-1910
81.
Rulers of Russia: chronology
882-1917 (including Kiev, Vladimir-Suzdal', Muscovy, Tver', Rjazan',
Nižnij Novgorod)
82.
Rulers of Romania: chronology
1324-1947 (including Wallachia, Moldavia, Transylvania)
83.
Rulers of Sardinia: chronology
c.1000-1720
(for the Savoyard rulers after 1720 see Italy)
Rulers of Scotland: see Great Britain
84.
Rulers of Serbia: chronology
c.840-1945
(including Yugoslavia)
Rulers of Sicily: see Italy

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