Chemistry Raymond Chang 10e.pdf

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EDITION
10
th
CHEMISTRY
Raymond Chang
Williams College
CHEMISTRY, TENTH EDITION
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 DOW/DOW 0 9
ISBN 978–0–07–351109–2
MHID 0–07–351109–9
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The credits section for this book begins on page C-1 and is considered an extension of the copyright page.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Chang, Raymond.
Chemistry. — 10th ed. / Raymond Chang.
p. cm.
Includes index.
ISBN 978–0–07–351109–2 — ISBN 0–07–351109–9 (hard copy : acid-free paper) 1. Chemistry—
Textbooks. I. Title.
QD31.3.C38 2010
540—dc22
2008033016
www.mhhe.com
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Raymond Chang
was born in Hong Kong and grew up in
Shanghai and Hong Kong. He received his B.Sc. degree in chemistry
from London University, England, and his Ph.D. in chemistry from Yale
University. After doing postdoctoral research at Washington University
and teaching for a year at Hunter College of the City University of
New York, he joined the chemistry department at Williams College,
where he has taught since 1968.
Professor Chang has served on the American Chemical Society
Examination Committee, the National Chemistry Olympiad Examination
Committee, and the Graduate Record Examinations (GRE) Committee.
He is an editor of
The Chemical Educator.
Professor Chang has written
books on physical chemistry, industrial chemistry, and physical science.
He has also coauthored books on the Chinese language, children’s pic-
ture books, and a novel for young readers.
For relaxation, Professor Chang maintains a forest garden; plays ten-
nis, Ping-Pong, and the harmonica; and practices the violin.
iii
iv
Contents
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Chemistry: The Study of Change
Atoms, Molecules, and Ions
40
2
78
Mass Relationships in Chemical Reactions
Reactions in Aqueous Solutions
Gases 172
Thermochemistry
228
120
Quantum Theory and the Electronic Structure of Atoms 274
Periodic Relationships Among the Elements
Chemical Bonding I: Basic Concepts
364
322
Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Geometry and Hybridization of
Atomic Orbitals 408
Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids
Physical Properties of Solutions
Chemical Kinetics
Acids and Bases
556
614
712
658
768
800
884
912
Chemical Equilibrium
512
460
Acid-Base Equilibria and Solubility Equilibria
Chemistry in the Atmosphere
Electrochemistry
836
Entropy, Free Energy, and Equilibrium
Metallurgy and the Chemistry of Metals
Nonmetallic Elements and Their Compounds
Nuclear Chemistry
Organic Chemistry
986
1024
Transition Metals Chemistry and Coordination Compounds 952
Synthetic and Natural Organic Polymers
1060
A-1
A-7
A-13
APPENDIX
APPENDIX
APPENDIX
APPENDIX
1
2
3
4
Derivation of the Names of Elements
Units for the Gas Constant
Mathematical Operations
Thermodynamic Data at 1 atm and 25°C A-8
iv

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