Beekmans G. - Linux From Scratch (2000).pdf

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Linux From Scratch
Version 4.0
Gerard Beekmans
Copyright © 1999−2002 by Gerard Beekmans
This book describes the process of creating a Linux system from scratch, using nothing but the sources of the
required software.
Copyright (c) 1999−2002, Gerard Beekmans
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that
the following conditions are met:
•
Redistributions in any form must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the
following disclaimer.
•
Neither the name of "Linux From Scratch" nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse
or promote products derived from this material without specific prior written permission.
•
Any material derived from Linux From Scratch must contain a reference to the "Linux From Scratch"
project.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS''
AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR
ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
Dedication
This book is dedicated to my loving and supportive wife
Beverly Beekmans.
Linux From Scratch
Table of Contents
Preface..................................................................................................................................................................1
Foreword..................................................................................................................................................1
Who would want to read this book..........................................................................................................1
Who would not want to read this book....................................................................................................2
Organization
.............................................................................................................................................2
Part I − Introduction
....................................................................................................................2
Part II − Installation of the base LFS system..............................................................................2
Part III − Appendixes
..................................................................................................................2
I. Part I − Introduction.............................................................................................................................3
Chapter 1. Introduction
......................................................................................................................................4
Acknowledgments
....................................................................................................................................4
How things are going to be done.............................................................................................................5
Conventions used in this book.................................................................................................................5
Book version............................................................................................................................................6
Mirror sites...............................................................................................................................................6
HTTP Mirrors.............................................................................................................................6
FTP Mirrors................................................................................................................................7
Changelog................................................................................................................................................8
Mailing lists and archives......................................................................................................................13
lfs−support................................................................................................................................13
lfs−dev......................................................................................................................................13
lfs−announce.............................................................................................................................13
lfs−security...............................................................................................................................14
lfs−book....................................................................................................................................14
lfs−chat.....................................................................................................................................14
alfs−discuss...............................................................................................................................14
blfs−dev....................................................................................................................................14
blfs−book..................................................................................................................................14
blfs−support..............................................................................................................................14
Mail archives
.............................................................................................................................14
How to post to a list..................................................................................................................15
How to subscribe?
.....................................................................................................................15
How to unsubscribe?
.................................................................................................................15
Other list modes........................................................................................................................15
Digests......................................................................................................................................16
Vacation....................................................................................................................................16
News server
............................................................................................................................................16
FAQ.......................................................................................................................................................16
Contact information...............................................................................................................................16
Chapter 2. Important information..................................................................................................................17
About $LFS
............................................................................................................................................17
About SBUs...........................................................................................................................................17
Where to store the downloaded software...............................................................................................18
How to install the software....................................................................................................................18
Which Platform?....................................................................................................................................19
How to ask for help................................................................................................................................19
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Linux From Scratch
Table of Contents
Chapter 2. Important information
Things to mention.....................................................................................................................19
Configure problems..................................................................................................................20
Compile problems.....................................................................................................................20
II. Part II − Installing the LFS system...................................................................................................20
Chapter 3. Packages that need to be downloaded..........................................................................................22
Introduction............................................................................................................................................22
Packages that need to be downloaded
....................................................................................................22
Chapter 4. Preparing a new partition.............................................................................................................26
Introduction............................................................................................................................................26
Creating a new partition.........................................................................................................................26
Creating a file system on the new partition...........................................................................................26
Mounting the new partition
....................................................................................................................27
Chapter 5. Preparing the LFS system.............................................................................................................28
Introduction............................................................................................................................................28
Why do we use static linking?...............................................................................................................28
Creating the $LFS/static directory.........................................................................................................29
Install all software as an unprivileged user............................................................................................29
Installing Bash−2.05a............................................................................................................................30
Installation of Bash...................................................................................................................30
Command explanations
.............................................................................................................31
Contents of Bash.......................................................................................................................31
Bash Installation Dependencies................................................................................................32
Installing Binutils−2.13.........................................................................................................................32
Installation of Binutils..............................................................................................................32
Command explanations
.............................................................................................................32
Contents of Binutils..................................................................................................................33
Binutils Installation Dependencies...........................................................................................35
Installing Bzip2−1.0.2
............................................................................................................................35
Installation of Bzip2
..................................................................................................................35
Command explanations
.............................................................................................................35
Contents of Bzip2.....................................................................................................................35
Bzip2 Installation Dependencies..............................................................................................36
Installing Diffutils−2.8.1
........................................................................................................................36
Installation of Diffutils
..............................................................................................................37
Command explanations
.............................................................................................................37
Contents of Diffutils.................................................................................................................37
Diffutils Installation Dependencies..........................................................................................37
Installing Fileutils−4.1...........................................................................................................................38
Installation of Fileutils..............................................................................................................38
Command explanations
.............................................................................................................38
Contents of Fileutils..................................................................................................................38
Fileutils Installation Dependencies...........................................................................................40
Installing Findutils−4.1..........................................................................................................................40
Installing Findutils....................................................................................................................41
ii
Linux From Scratch
Table of Contents
Chapter 5. Preparing the LFS system
Command explanations
.............................................................................................................41
Contents of Findutils
.................................................................................................................41
Findutils Installation Dependencies..........................................................................................42
Installing Gawk−3.1.1
............................................................................................................................42
Installation of Gawk
..................................................................................................................42
Contents of Gawk.....................................................................................................................42
Gawk Installation Dependencies..............................................................................................43
Installing GCC−3.2................................................................................................................................43
Installation of GCC...................................................................................................................43
Command explanations
.............................................................................................................44
Contents of GCC
.......................................................................................................................44
GCC Installation Dependencies................................................................................................46
Installing Grep−2.5................................................................................................................................46
Installation of Grep...................................................................................................................46
Command explanations
.............................................................................................................46
Contents of Grep.......................................................................................................................46
Grep Installation Dependencies................................................................................................47
Installing Gzip−1.2.4a
............................................................................................................................47
Installation of Gzip...................................................................................................................47
Contents of Gzip.......................................................................................................................47
Gzip Installation Dependencies................................................................................................48
Installing Make−3.79.1..........................................................................................................................48
Installation of Make..................................................................................................................48
Contents of Make......................................................................................................................49
Make Installation Dependencies...............................................................................................49
Installing Patch−2.5.4............................................................................................................................49
Installation of Patch..................................................................................................................49
Command explanations
.............................................................................................................49
Contents of Patch......................................................................................................................50
Patch Installation Dependencies...............................................................................................50
Installing Sed−3.02................................................................................................................................50
Installation of Sed.....................................................................................................................50
Contents of Sed.........................................................................................................................50
Sed Installation Dependencies..................................................................................................51
Installing Sh−utils−2.0...........................................................................................................................51
Installation of Sh−utils..............................................................................................................51
Contents of Sh−utils.................................................................................................................51
Sh−utils Installation Dependencies
...........................................................................................54
Installing Tar−1.13
.................................................................................................................................55
Installation of Tar.....................................................................................................................55
.
Contents of Tar.........................................................................................................................55
Tar Installation Dependencies..................................................................................................55
Installing Texinfo−4.2...........................................................................................................................55
Installation of Texinfo..............................................................................................................56
Contents of Texinfo..................................................................................................................56
Texinfo Installation Dependencies...........................................................................................56
Installing Textutils−2.1..........................................................................................................................57
iii
Linux From Scratch
Table of Contents
Chapter 5. Preparing the LFS system
Installation of Textutils.............................................................................................................57
Contents of Textutils
.................................................................................................................57
Textutils Installation Dependencies..........................................................................................59
Installing Util−linux−2.11u...................................................................................................................59
Installation of Util−linux..........................................................................................................59
Util−linux Installation Dependencies.......................................................................................60
Chapter 6. Installing basic system software...................................................................................................61
Introduction............................................................................................................................................61
About debugging symbols.....................................................................................................................61
Entering the chroot environment...........................................................................................................62
Changing ownership..............................................................................................................................62
Creating directories................................................................................................................................62
FHS compliance note................................................................................................................63
Mounting the proc file system...............................................................................................................63
Creating the mtab symlink.....................................................................................................................64
Creating the bash and sh symlinks.........................................................................................................64
Creating the passwd and group files......................................................................................................64
Creating devices (Makedev−1.7)...........................................................................................................65
Creating devices
........................................................................................................................65
Command explanations
.............................................................................................................65
Contents of MAKEDEV...........................................................................................................65
MAKEDEV Installation Dependencies....................................................................................66
Installing Linux−2.4.19
..........................................................................................................................66
Installation of the kernel headers..............................................................................................66
Command explanations
.............................................................................................................66
Why we copy the kernel headers and don't symlink them
........................................................67
Contents of Linux.....................................................................................................................67
Linux Installation Dependencies..............................................................................................68
Installing Man−pages−1.52...................................................................................................................68
Installation of Man−pages........................................................................................................68
Contents of Man−pages............................................................................................................68
Man−pages Installation Dependencies.....................................................................................68
Installing Glibc−2.2.5............................................................................................................................68
Installation of Glibc..................................................................................................................69
Command explanations
.............................................................................................................70
Contents of Glibc......................................................................................................................70
Glibc Installation Dependencies...............................................................................................75
Installing GCC−3.2................................................................................................................................75
Installation of GCC...................................................................................................................75
Command explanations
.............................................................................................................76
Contents of GCC
.......................................................................................................................76
GCC Installation Dependencies................................................................................................77
Installing Zlib−1.1.4..............................................................................................................................78
Installation of Zlib....................................................................................................................78
Contents of Zlib........................................................................................................................78
Zlib Installation Dependencies.................................................................................................78
iv

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