FreeBSD-InstallingCompizFusion.pdf

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Installing and using Compiz Fusion

Manolis Kiagias

manolis@FreeBSD.org

$FreeBSD: doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/compiz-fusion/article.sgml,v 1.6

2008/06/15 15:58:38 keramida Exp $

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Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed

as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this document, and the FreeBSD Project was

aware of the trademark claim, the designations have been followed by the “™” or the “®” symbol.

The Linux world has been overwhelmed lately by what seems to be the latest fashion: 3D Desktop effects.

While their usefulness is rather heavily debated, the wow factor behind the composited desktop holds quite

well. Several different programs have emerged, like

Compiz

(http://compiz.org/),

Beryl

(http://www.beryl-project.org/), and the latest

Compiz Fusion

(http://www.compiz-fusion.org/). You do

not need to miss these effects when using FreeBSD. These instructions will help you install and conﬁgure

your system for the latest 3D desktop experience using

Compiz Fusion

and nVidia drivers (if applicable).

1 Introduction

While installing

Compiz Fusion

from the Ports Collection is a rather trivial task, conﬁguring it requires a few more

steps that are not described in the port’s documentation. This article will help you conﬁgure your

Xorg

server for

composite operation, setup your nVidia card, and ﬁnally guide you to the ﬁnal steps for executing the

compiz

program itself.

After reading this article, you will know:

•

How to setup the latest nVidia driver (if required) for your system.

How to setup your

xorg.conf

ﬁle for desktop composition.

How to install and conﬁgure

Compiz Fusion

using the Ports Collection.

How to troubleshoot common problems associated with desktop effects.

Installing and using Compiz Fusion

2 Setting up the FreeBSD nVidia driver

Desktop effects can cause quite a load on your graphics card. If you are using an nVidia-based graphics card, you

will need to install and conﬁgure the proprietary FreeBSD driver that is suitable for your system. If you are using

another card, that you know can handle desktop effects, you may skip this section and continue with the

xorg.conf

conﬁguration.

2.1 Determining the correct driver to use

There are various versions of the nVidia drivers in the Ports Collection. The correct one to use depends on the actual

model (and age) of your graphics card:

•

The latest versions of nVidia cards are supported by the

x11/nvidia-driver

port.

nVidia cards like the GeForce 2MX/3/4 series are supported by the 96

series of drivers, available in the

x11/nvidia-driver-96xx

port.

Even older cards, like GeForce and RIVA TNT are supported by the 71

series of drivers, available in the

x11/nvidia-driver-71xx

port.

•

In fact, nVidia provides detailed information on which card is supported by which driver. This information is

available directly on their web site: http://www.nvidia.com/object/IO_32667.html.

2.2 Installing the nVidia driver

Having determined the correct driver to use for your card, installation is as simple as installing any other port.

Note:

Make sure to update your ports tree using your favorite method (like

csup, CVSup

portsnap)

before

you install any application from the ports system. Graphics drivers and the desktop effects programs are under

heavy development, and are updated regularly.

For example, to install the latest driver:

cd /usr/ports/x11/nvidia-driver

make install clean

The driver will create a kernel module, which should be loaded at system startup. You will need to add the following

line to the

/boot/loader.conf

ﬁle:

nvidia_load="YES"

Note:

You may attempt to immediately load the kernel module into the running kernel by issuing a command like

kldload nvidia

, however it has been noted that the latest versions of

Xorg

will not function properly if the driver

is not loaded at boot time. After editing

/boot/loader.conf

, a reboot is recommended.

With the kernel module loaded, you normally only need to change a single line in your

xorg.conf

ﬁle to enable the

proprietary driver:

Installing and using Compiz Fusion

Find the following line in

/etc/X11/xorg.conf

Driver

"nv"

and change it to:

Driver

"nvidia"

Start your GUI as usual, and you should be greeted by the nVidia splash. Everything should work as usual. Note, that

at this point you have only set up

Xorg

to use the nVidia driver, but further conﬁguration is needed before you can

actually use 3D desktop effects. This is described in the following sections.

Note:

Although not strictly necessary, you may also wish to install

x11/nvidia-xconfig

and

x11/nvidia-settings

ports. The former can assist you in writing settings to

/etc/X11/xorg.conf

from the

command line, and the latter will allow you to modify screen settings from a GUI while running the

Xorg

system.

3 Conﬁguring xorg.conf for desktop effects

Before you install and run

Compiz Fusion,

you need to add a few settings to

/etc/X11/xorg.conf

Add the following section to enable composite effects:

Section "Extensions"

Option

"Composite" "Enable"

EndSection

Locate the “Screen” section which should look similar to the one below:

Section "Screen"

Identifier

"Screen0"

Device

"Card0"

Monitor

"Monitor0"

...

and add the following two lines (after “Monitor” will do):

DefaultDepth

Option

"AddARGBGLXVisuals" "True"

Locate the “Subsection” that refers to the screen resolution that you wish to use. For example, if you wish to use

1280x1024, locate the section that follows. If the desired resolution does not appear in any subsection, you may add

the relevant entry by hand:

SubSection

"Display"

Viewport

0 0

Modes

"1280x1024"

EndSubSection

A color depth of 24 bits is needed for desktop composition, change the above subsection to:

Installing and using Compiz Fusion

SubSection

"Display"

Viewport

0 0

Depth

Modes

"1280x1024"

EndSubSection

Finally, conﬁrm that the “glx” and “extmod” modules are loaded in the “Module” section:

Section "Module"

Load

"extmod"

Load

"glx"

...

Note:

If you installed the

x11/nvidia-xconfig

port, you should be able to perform most of the above settings by

entering the following commands (as root):

nvidia-xconfig --add-argb-glx-visuals

nvidia-xconfig --composite

nvidia-xconfig --depth=24

You may wish to run

nvidia-xconfig -A | more

to see a list of all the options offered by the above program.

4 Installing and conﬁguring Compiz Fusion

Installing

Compiz Fusion

is as simple as any other port:

cd /usr/ports/x11-wm/compiz-fusion

make install clean

Make sure to select the “EXTRA” plugins and the “EMERALD” window decorator from the options dialog that

appears. If you are using

GNOME,

or already have support for

gconf

in your system, you may also wish to select

“gconf support”. In this way, your effect settings will be integrated with the other desktop settings, and will be

viewable via

gconf-editor

Compiz Fusion

can

however save its settings to ﬂat ﬁles, if such an integration is not

wanted. In this case, a

.compizconfig

directory will be created inside your home directory.

When the installation is ﬁnished, start your graphic desktop and at a terminal, enter the following commands (as a

normal user):

compiz --replace --sm-disable --ignore-desktop-hints ccp &

emerald --replace &

Your screen will ﬂicker for a few seconds, as your window manager (e.g.

Metacity

if you are using

GNOME)

replaced by

Compiz Fusion. Emerald

takes care of the window decorations (i.e. close, minimize, maximize buttons,

title bars and so on).

You may convert this to a trivial script and have it run at startup automatically (e.g. by adding to “Sessions” in a

GNOME

desktop):

#! /bin/sh

compiz --replace --sm-disable --ignore-desktop-hints ccp &

Installing and using Compiz Fusion

emerald --replace &

Save this in your home directory as, for example,

start-compiz

and make it executable:

chmod +x ~/start-compiz

Then use the GUI to add it to

Startup Programs

(located in

System, Preferences, Sessions

on a

GNOME

desktop).

To actually select all the desired effects and their settings, execute (again as a normal user) the

Compiz Conﬁg Settings Manager:

ccsm

Note:

GNOME,

this can also be found in the System, Preferences menu.

If you have selected “gconf support” during the build, you will also be able to view these settings using

gconf-editor

under

apps/compiz

5 Troubleshooting Compiz Fusion

The following section covers frequently asked questions regarding problems when running

Compiz Fusion.

I have installed

Compiz Fusion,

and after running the commands you mention, my windows are left without title

bars and buttons. What is wrong?

You are probably missing a setting in

/etc/X11/xorg.conf

. Review this ﬁle carefully and check especially the

DefaultDepth

and

AddARGBGLXVisuals

directives.

When I run the command to start

Compiz Fusion,

the X server crashes and I am back at the console. What is

wrong?

If you check your

/var/log/Xorg.0.log

ﬁle, you will probably ﬁnd error messages during the X startup. The

most common would be:

(EE)

NVIDIA(0):

Failed to initialize the GLX module; please check in your X

log file that the GLX module has been loaded in your X

server, and that the module is the NVIDIA GLX module. If

you continue to encounter problems, Please try

reinstalling the NVIDIA driver.

This is usually the case when you upgrade

Xorg.

You will need to reinstall the

x11/nvidia-driver

port so glx is

built again.

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