Ritter G. X., Handbook of Computer Vision Algorithms in Image Algebra (2nd Ed.).pdf

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H A N D B O OK OF
Computer Vision
Algorithms in
Image Algebra
second edition
H A N D B O OK OF
Computer Vision
Algorithms in
Image Algebra
second edition
Gerhard X. Ritter
Joseph N. Wilson
CRC Press
Boca Raton London New York Washington, D.C.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Ritter, G. X.
Handbook of computer vision algorithms in image algebra / Gerhard X. Ritter, Joseph
N. Wilson.--2nd ed.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-8493-0075-4 (alk. paper)
1. Computer vision--Mathematics. 2. Image processing--Mathematics. 3. Computer
algorithms. I. Wilson, Joseph N. II. Title.
TA1634 .R58 2000
006.4′2--dc21
00-062122
This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with
permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish
reliable data and information, but the author and the publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials
or for the consequences of their use.
Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without prior
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Trademark Notice:
Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for
identification and explanation, without intent to infringe.
© 2001 by CRC Press LLC
No claim to original U.S. Government works
International Standard Book Number 0-8493-0075-4
Library of Congress Card Number 00-062122
Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
Printed on acid-free paper
Preface
The present edition differs from the first in several significant aspects. Typo-
graphical errors as well as several mathematical errors have been removed. In a number
of places the text has been revised to enhance clarity. Several additional algorithms have
been included as well as an entire new chapter on geometric image transformations. By
popular demand, and in order to provide a better understanding of image algebra, numerous
exercises have been added at the end of each chapter. Starred exercises at the end of a
chapter depend on knowledge of material from subsequent chapters.
As with the first edition, the principal aim of this book is to acquaint engineers,
scientists, and students with the basic concepts of image algebra and its use in the concise
representation of computer vision algorithms. In order to achieve this goal we provide a
brief survey of commonly used computer vision algorithms that we believe represents a
core of knowledge that all computer vision practitioners should have. This survey is not
meant to be an encyclopedic summary of computer vision techniques as it is impossible to
do justice to the scope and depth of the rapidly expanding field of computer vision.
The arrangement of the book is such that it can serve as a reference for computer
vision algorithm developers in general as well as for algorithm developers using the image
algebra C++ object library,
iac++.
1
The techniques and algorithms presented in a given
chapter follow a progression of increasing abstractness. Each technique is introduced
by way of a brief discussion of its purpose and methodology. Since the intent of this
text is to train the practitioner in formulating his algorithms and ideas in the succinct
mathematical language provided by image algebra, an effort has been made to provide the
precise mathematical formulation of each methodology. Thus, we suspect that practicing
engineers and scientists will find this presentation somewhat more practical and perhaps a
bit less esoteric than those found in research publications or various textbooks paraphrasing
these publications.
Chapter 1 provides a short introduction to the field of image algebra. Chapters
2–12 are devoted to particular techniques commonly used in computer vision algorithm
development, ranging from early processing techniques to such higher level topics as image
descriptors and artificial neural networks. Although the chapters on techniques are most
naturally studied in succession, they are not tightly interdependent and can be studied
according to the reader’s particular interest. In the Appendix we present
iac++
computer
programs of some of the techniques surveyed in this book. These programs reflect the
image algebra pseudocode presented in the chapters and serve as examples of how image
algebra pseudocode can be converted into efficient computer programs.
1
The
iac++
library supports the use of image algebra in the C++ programming language and is available
via anonymous ftp from
ftp://ftp.cise.ufl.edu/pub/src/ia/.
© 2001 by CRC Press LLC
Acknowledgments
We wish to take this opportunity to express our thanks to our current and former
students who have, in various ways, assisted in the preparation of this text. In particular,
we wish to extend our appreciation to Dr. Paul Gader, Dr. Jennifer Davidson, Dr. Hongchi
Shi, Ms. Brigitte Pracht, Dr. Mark Schmalz, Mr. Venugopal Subramaniam, Mr. Mike
Rowlee, Dr. Dong Li, Dr. Huixia Zhu, Ms. Chuanxue Wang, Dr. Jaime Zapata, and
Mr. Liang-Ming Chen. We are most deeply indebted to Dr. David Patching who assisted
in the preparation of the text and contributed to the material by developing examples that
enhanced the algorithmic exposition. Special thanks are due to Mr. Ralph Jackson, who
skillfully implemented many of the algorithms herein, and to Mr. Robert Forsman, the
primary implementor of the
iac++
library. We also wish to thank Mr. Jeffrey Palm for
preparing the fractal and iterated function system images.
We
wish
to express our gratitude to those
at
Wright Laboratory for their encour-
agement and continuous support of image algebra research and development. This book
would not have been written without the vision and support provided by numerous scientists
at
the Wright Laboratory at Eglin Air Force Base in Florida. These supporters include Dr.
Lawrence Ankeney who started it all, Dr. Sam Lambert who championed the image algebra
project since its inception, Mr. Neil Urquhart our first program manager, Ms. Karen Norris,
and most especially Dr. Patrick Coffield who persuaded us to turn a technical report on
computer vision algorithms in image algebra into this book.
Last but not least we would like to thank Dr. Robert Lyjack of ERIM and Dr.
Jasper Lupo of DARPA for their friendship and enthusiastic support during the formative
stages of
Image Algebra.
© 2001 by CRC Press LLC

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