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of Alchemy and the Beginnings of
Chemistry, by M. M. Pattison Muir
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Title: The Story of Alchemy and the Beginnings of Chemistry
Author: M. M. Pattison Muir
Release Date: November 30, 2004 [eBook #14218]
Language: English
Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE STORY OF ALCHEMY
AND THE BEGINNINGS OF CHEMISTRY***
E-text prepared by Feòrag NicBhrìde, Victoria Woosley,
and the Project Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team
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AN ALCHEMICAL LABORATORY
THE STORY OF ALCHEMY AND
THE BEGINNINGS OF CHEMISTRY
BY
M. M. PATTISON MUIR, M.A.
FELLOW AND FORMERLY PRÆLECTOR IN CHEMISTRY OF GONVILLE
AND CAIUS COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE
WITH EIGHTEEN ILLUSTRATIONS
NEW AND ENLARGED EDITION
A Brief Guide to the Celestial Ruby,
by PHILALETHES (17th century)
Hodder and Stoughton
London, New York, Toronto
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Click here for Table of Contents
The Useful Knowledge series
Cloth, One Shilling net each
List of the first thirty-four volumes issued in the new style with Pictorial Wrappers:—
Wireless Telegraphy.
By ALFRED T. STORY.
A Piece of Coal.
By K.A. MARTIN, F.G.S.
Architecture.
By P.L. WATERHOUSE.
The Cotton Plant.
By F. WILKINSON, F.G.S.
Plant Life.
By GRANT ALLEN.
Wild Flowers.
By Rev. Prof. G. HENSLOW, F.L.S., F.G. S.
The Solar System.
By G.F. CHAMBERS, F.R. A.S.
Eclipses.
By G.F. CHAMBERS, F.R.A.S.
The Stars.
By G.F.CHAMBERS, F.R.A.S.
The Weather.
By G.F. CHAMBERS, F.R.A.S.
Animal Life.
By B. LINDSAY.
Geographical Discovery.
By JOSEPH JACOBS.
The Atmosphere.
By DOUGLAS ARCHIBALD, M.A.
Alpine Climbing.
By FRANCIS GRIBBLE
Forest and Stream.
By JAMES RODWAY, F.L.S.
Fish Life.
By W.P. PYCRAFT, F.Z.S.
Bird Life.
By W.P. PYCRAFT, F.Z.S.
Primitive Man.
By EDWARD CLODD.
Ancient Egypt.
By ROBINSON SOUTTAR, M.A., D.C.L.
Story of Locomotion.
By BECKLES WILLSON.
The Earth in Past Ages.
By H.G. SEELEY, F.R.S.
The Empire.
By E. SALMON.
King Alfred.
By Sir WALTER BESANT.
Lost England.
By BECKLES WILLSON.
Alchemy, or The Beginnings of Chemistry.
By M.M. PATTISON MUIR, M.A.
The Chemical Elements.
By M.M. PATTISON MUIR, M.A.
The Wanderings of Atoms.
By M.M. PATTISON MUIR, M.A.
Germ Life: Bacteria.
By H.W. CONN.
Life in the Seas.
By SIDNEY J. HICKSON F.R.S.
Life's Mechanism.
BY H.W. CONN.
Reptile Life.
By W.P. PYCRAFT, F.Z.S.
The Grain of Wheat.
By WILLIAM C. EDGAR.
The Potter.
By C.F. BINNS.
LONDON: HODDER & STOUGHTON
PREFACE.
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The Story of Alchemy and the Beginnings of Chemistry is very interesting in itself. It is
also a pregnant example of the contrast between the scientific and the emotional methods
of regarding nature; and it admirably illustrates the differences between well-grounded,
suggestive, hypotheses, and baseless speculations.
I have tried to tell the story so that it may be intelligible to the ordinary reader.
M.M. PATTISON MUIR.
CAMBRIDGE,
November
1902.
NOTE TO NEW EDITION.
A few small changes have been made. The last chapter has been re-written and
considerably enlarged.
M.M.P.M.
FARNHAM,
September
1913.
CONTENTS.
CHAP.
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
IX.
X.
XI.
XII.
XIII.
XIV.
THE EXPLANATION OF MATERIAL CHANGES GIVEN BY GREEK
THINKERS
A SKETCH OF ALCHEMICAL THEORY
THE ALCHEMICAL NOTION OF THE UNITY AND SIMPLICITY OF
NATURE
THE ALCHEMICAL ELEMENTS AND PRINCIPLES
THE ALCHEMICAL ESSENCE
ALCHEMY AS AN EXPERIMENTAL ART
THE LANGUAGE OF ALCHEMY
THE DEGENERACY OF ALCHEMY
PARACELSUS, AND SOME OTHER ALCHEMISTS
SUMMARY OF THE ALCHEMICAL DOCTRINE—THE
REPLACEMENT OF THE THREE PRINCIPLES OF THE ALCHEMISTS
BY THE SINGLE PRINCIPLE OF PHLOGISTON
THE EXAMINATION OF THE PHENOMENA OF COMBUSTION
THE RECOGNITION OF CHEMICAL CHANGES AS THE
INTERACTIONS OF DEFINITE SUBSTANCES
THE CHEMICAL ELEMENTS CONTRASTED WITH THE
ALCHEMICAL PRINCIPLES
THE MODERN FORM OF THE ALCHEMICAL QUEST OF THE ONE
THING
INDEX
9
21
37
45
58
79
96
105
115
122
140
157
165
179
205
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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
FIG.
AN ALCHEMICAL LABORATORY
1.
2 and
3.
4 and
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
THE MORTIFICATION OF METALS PRESENTED BY THE
IMAGE OF A KING DEVOURING HIS SON
THE MORTIFICATION OF METALS PRESENTED BY
IMAGES OF DEATH AND BURIAL
TWO MUST BE CONJOINED TO PRODUCE ONE
HERMETICALLY SEALING THE NECK OF A GLASS
VESSEL
SEALING BY MEANS OF A MERCURY TRAP
AN ALCHEMICAL COMMON COLD STILL
A
BALNEUM MARIÆ
ALCHEMICAL DISTILLING APPARATUS
A PELICAN
AN ALCHEMIST WITH A RETORT
AN ALCHEMIST PREPARING OIL OF VITRIOL
ALCHEMICAL APPARATUS FOR RECTIFYING SPIRITS
PURIFYING GOLD PRESENTED BY THE IMAGE OF A
SALAMANDER IN THE FIRE
PRIESTLEY'S APPARATUS FOR WORKING WITH GASES
PAGE
Frontispiece
66
67,68
70,71
80
81
82
84
85
88
89
92
93
104
145
APPARATUS USED BY LAVOISIER IN HIS EXPERIMENTS
156
ON BURNING MERCURY IN AIR
THE STORY OF ALCHEMY
AND
THE BEGINNINGS OF CHEMISTRY.
CHAPTER I
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