Insurrection Henry Viii, Thomas Cromwell And The Pilgrimage Of Grace.pdf

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Acknowledgements
This work is based upon my doctoral thesis and I would like, firstly, to express
my sincere gratitude to the National University of Ireland, Galway, and in
particular the College of Arts, for endowing me with a fellowship. I would like
to thank my supervisor, Professor Steven Ellis, for his encouragement, guidance
and support and Dr Alison Forrestal for her constructive criticism and advice.
I would like to acknowledge the assistance given to me by the staff of the
National Archives, Kew, the British Library, London, and the Borthwick
Institute for Archives at the University of York, in particular, Victoria Hoyle. In
addition, I am grateful for the help of the Special Collections staff in National
University of Ireland, Galway.
I wish to convey my gratitude to Mark Beynon, commissioning editor at The
History Press, for helping the work to see the light of day and for all his
assistance, patience and understanding. I would also like to thank my editor,
Naomi Reynolds, for her guidance, attention and support.
A number of people have sustained me throughout this project and special
thanks go to Louise Rooney, Mairead Murphy and Katherine O’Driscoll. I
would also like to express my sincere appreciation to Carmel McGuinn and
Rona McLaughlin who were steadfast in their support during difficult times.
I would like to express my love and thanks to Brendan, Mairead, Ciara,
Patrick and Sean Loughlin. I also wish to acknowledge the friendship, loyalty
and encouragement of Liza O’Malley.
I wish to recognise the contribution of my grandparents in igniting my
curiosity and fostering my love of learning – Edward and Una Loughlin and
Martin and Bridget Duffy. Finally, my enduring and heartfelt love and
appreciation to my parents, John and Kathleen Loughlin, without whom none of
this would have been possible.
In nomine Patris et Filii et Spiritus Sancti.
Contents
Title
Acknowledgements
Introduction
1 Background: Government and Religion in 1536
2 The Pilgrimage of Grace: A Holy Crusade?
3 Resumption of Revolts and Royal Retribution
4 Rehabilitated Rebels and Reward
5 Loyalty and Patronage
6 Perceptions and the Pilgrimage: The Crown’s Response
7 The Rhetoric of Resistance and Religiosity
Conclusion
List of Abbreviations
Bibliography
Plates
Copyright
Introduction
Of all the enigmas in the English Reformation, the motivations and intentions of King Henry VIII
remain some of the most difficult to elucidate.
1
ucy Wooding’s view echoed that of Felicity Heal, who stated that making
sense of Henrician religious policy was a ‘trying business’.
2
As is widely
known, the king’s break with Rome was caused by the refusal of the
papacy to sanction his divorce from his queen, Katherine of Aragon. There
appears to be a pervasive view that Henry’s Anglican Church was merely an
organisation which represented Catholicism without the pope. This is incorrect:
the king, aided by his deputy in ecclesiastical matters, Thomas Cromwell (until
his fall in 1540), simply chopped and changed doctrine according to expediency,
whim or whatever suited him. Henry’s later innovations will not be discussed
here but Heal’s assessment that Henry’s own erratic and eclectic understanding
of his role as Supreme Head was ‘underpinned not by a coherent theology but by
little more than a “ragbag of emotional preferences”’
3
is an accurate appraisal.
It is, perhaps, for these reasons that the study of the English Reformation
remains an appealing and fascinating task. As Susan Wabuda has stated, the
challenges for understanding what the Reformation presents are among the most
rewarding in all fields of scholarship.
4
Writing in the same year, Alec Ryrie gave
as his raison d’être for a study of The Gospel and Henry VIII, that the ‘golden
age of the local study of the English Reformation’ was drawing to a close. Ryrie
therefore justified his attempt at a national overview as ‘traipsing once again
through the crowded field of Tudor high politics … despite the fact that it might
appear to be pointlessly repetitive’.
5
The Reformation in England is indeed a fascinating subject to explore and this
book focuses on one particular event, the Pilgrimage of Grace in 1536.
6
The
Pilgrimage was a huge insurrection in which an estimated 30,000 men
participated and has been described as the largest uprising against a Tudor
monarch
7
– some historians have argued that it had the potential to threaten
Henry VIII’s throne.
8
L

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