Elektor-301Circuits-1-to-78.pdf

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1
Circuits
S
9 ""lii.
1
to
I
69
Vol-1
i
r
'
r
3
AN
/
e
PUEM.ICATION.
\
practical
electronic circuits
for the home
constructor
V
introduction
301 circuits
The book follows the theme, and
>
)
f
i
is a continuation of our popular
and very succe sful 300 circuits
publication. It is composed of
301 assorted circuits ranging from
the simple to the more complex
designs described and explained in
straightforward language. An ideal
basis for constructional projects
and a comprehensive source of
ideas for anyone interested in elec-
tronics. In a nutshell something to
please everybody.
.
1
-
!
All rights reserved. No part of this publication
may be reproduced or transmitted in any form
or by any means, including photocopying and
recording, without the prior written permission
of the publishers. Such written permission must
also be obtained before any part of this book is
stored in a retrieval system of any nature.
The circuits and other diagrams contained in
this book are tor domestic use only. Patent
protection may exist with respect to circuits,
devices, components, etc. described in this
book. The publishers do not accept responsi-
bility for failing to identify such patent or
other protection.
Reprinted in India
by Elektor Electronics Pvt. Ltd.
52-C Proctor Road,
Grant Road (E), Bombay 400 007. India
Under agreement with
Elektuur B.V. Seek
The Netherlands
Price Rs. 125/-
2
5
decoder
f
Semiconductor types
Very often, a large number of
equivalent semiconductors
Some 'DUG's are: OA 85,
OA 91, OA 95, AA116.
. 'BC107B'
'
'
Resistors are Vi Watt 5%
carbon types, unless otherwise
specified. The DC working
exist with different type
numbers. For this reason,
abbreviated
type numbers
used in Elektor wherever
'
'
,
BC237B',
BC 547B' all refer to the
'
voltage of capacitors (other
,
than electrolytics) is normally
assumed to be at least 60 V.
As a rule of thumb, a safe
are
same
family' of almost
identical better-quality
possible:
silicon transistors. In general,
,
. '741'stand for jiA 741
. 'TUP
'
LM 741,MC741,MIC741,
RM 741, SN 72741, etc.
any other member of the
same family can be used
instead.
value is usually approximately
twice
the DC supply voltage.
'
or 'TUN' (Transistor,
BC107 (-8.-9) families
Universal, PNP or NPN
Test voltages
The DC test voltages shown
are measured with a 20 kf2/V
instrument
unless otherwise
,
respectively) stand for any
low frequency silicon
transistor that meets the
BC107 (-8,-9), BC147(-8,-9),
BC 207 (-8, -9), BC 237 (-8, -9),
BC 317 (-8, -9), BC 347 (-8, -9),
specified.
U not V
,
following specifications:
UCEO max
IC
max
,
,
20 V
BC547(-8,-9), BC171 (-2,-3),
BC 182(-3,-4), BC382(-3,-4),
BC437(-8 9), BC414
-
The international letter sym-
100 mA
100
,
hfe min
,
Ptot max
ft min
,
.
lOOmW
100 MHz
BC177(-8, -9) families
BC 177 (-8
-9)
BC 157 (-8,-9),
,
,
bol 'U' for voltage is often
used instead of the ambiguous
'
V 'V i
s
.
normally reserved
Some'TUN's are: BC107,
BC 204 (-5
6), BC307(-8,-9),
BC320(-1 2)
BC350(-1,-2),
BC557(-8 9). BC251 (-2
3)
-
for 'volts'. For instance:
,
-
Ub= 10V,not Vb= 10V.
Mains voltages
,
,
-
-
,
,
,
BCIOSandBC 109 families;
2N3856A, 2N3859, 2N 3860
,
BC212(-3,-4), BC512(-3,-4),
BC 261 (-2,-3), BC416.
Resistor and capacitor values
2N3904, 2N3947, 2N4124.
Some 'TUP's are: BC 1 77 and
No mains (power line) volt-
ages are listed in Elektor
circuits. It is assumed that our
BC 1 78 families; BC 1 79 family
with the possible exception of
BC 159 and BC 179; 2N241 2
2N3251
2N3906, 2N4126,
,
,
readers know what voltage is
When giving component
values, decimal points and
large numbers of zeros are
standard in their part of the
world I
Readers in countries that use
60 Hz should note that
2N4291.
. 'DUS' or 'DUG' (Diode
Universal Silicon or
,
avoided wherever possible.
The decimal point is usually
replaced by one of the
following abbreviations:
Germanium respectively)
stands for any diode that
p
n
(pico-) = lO-'
(nano-) = 10"9
Elektor circuits are designed
for 50 Hz operation. This will
not normally be a problem;
however in cases where the
,
M
(micro-) = IO"6
meets the following
specifications:
DUS
DUG
m (mill!-) = IO"3
k (kilo-) = 103
mains frequency is used for
synchronisation some modifi-
cation may be required.
M (mega-) - 106
G (giga-)
- 10'
A few examples:
Resistance value 2k7: 2700 n
Resistance value 470: 470 fl
,
.
UR max
.
25 V
20 V
1
IF
max
,
100mA 35mA
1 mA
100mA
Ptot max 250mW 250mW
CD
max 5 pF
lOpF
.
,
,
iR
max
Capacitance value 4p7: 4.7pF
or 0.000 000 000 004 7 F . . .
,
Some 'DUS's are: BA 127
BA217
,
,
.
BA218, BA221,
,
Capacitance value 10 n: this is
the international way of writin
writing 10 000 pF or .01 mF,
,
BA222, BA317, BA318,
BAX 13
BAY 61, 1N914,
1N4148.
since 1 n is 10"' farads or
lOOOpF.
4
contents
Automatic emergency lighting unit
....
1
Common-base virtual-eanh mixer
CMOS alarm circuits
55
56
Pseudo random running lamp
Phaser
2
3
Car battery monitor .
TAP-tip
CMOS function generator
Zener tester
4
5
6
7
Spol-frequency sinewave generator
Signal injector
Precision V to f converter
....
57
58
59
60
61
Voltage comparison on a'scope
Real load resistors
8
9
Monitor switching for two tape decks . . .
AM/FM alignment generator
Poltergeist
62
Analogue frequency meter
Electret microphone preamplifier
63
64
Universal logic tester
Car ripp off protection
Automatic mono stereo switch
10
11
12
Long interval timer
Temperature-to-voltage converter
Super zener
Simple transistor tester
Automatic NiCad charger
Car lights failure indicator
Two-TUN voltage doubler
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
Servo polarity changer
Easy music
15 duty-cycles at the turn of a switch ...
13
14
15
Analogue delay line
Supply failure indicator
Amplifier for low-Z headphones
Simple TTL squarewave generator
Simple LS TTL squarewave generator ...
Simple CMOS squarewave generator ....
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
TTL voltage doubler
Stereo noise filter
72
73
Signal powered dynamic compressor ....
Sawtooth-CCO
Knotted handkerchief
74
75
76
i
Automotive voltmeter
Electronic gong
Zero crossing detector
Wideband RF amplifier
Super-simple touch switch
Symmetrical . 1 5 V/50 mA supply ....
Improved 723 supply
23
24
25
26
27
28
Digital capacitance meter with 555 timer .
Tremolo
AC touchswitch
77
78
79
Audible logic probe
Level shifter
80
81
l
Complementary emitter follower
Reaction speed tester
82
83
Squarewave staircase converter
HF current gain tester
Hum filter
29
30
31
!
Voltage mirror
Analogue-digital converter
Signal injector
Flasher bleeper
IC counter timebase
32
33
34
35
36
Non-inverting integrator
Positive-triggered set-reset flip-flop
Auto trigger level control
LED logic flasher
Complementary twin-T selective filter . . .
Negative supply from positive supply
. . .
84
85
86
87
88
89
;
Stable-Start-Stop-Squarewave
37
Microphone preamp
Loudspeaker delay circuit
90
91
Digital audio mixer
Cheap crystal filter
FETmillivoltmeter
38
39
40
Voltage-controlled LED brightness
Clipping indicator
Using LEDs as reference diodes
CMOSPLL
92
93
94
95
Quizmaster
CMOS FSK modulator
41
42
Guitar preamp
Osculometer
CMOS CCO
LED tuner
96
97
98
99
Electronic soldering iron
43
0 - 30 V regulated supply
Car ammeter
Timebase scaler
44
45
46
Loudspeaker connections
Constant amplitude squarewave
to sawtooth
Ohmmeter
100
101
102
Model railway lighting
Frequency synthesiser controller
Modulatable power supply
47
48
49
5
Squarewave oscillator
Temperature-compensated
Scope calibrator
50
51
I see your point!
Musical doorbell
103
104
Frequency synthesiser
Electronic open fire
52
53
54
Battery saver
Short-interval light switch
105
106
Car light reminder
107
5

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