Aviation Archive 43 - X-Planes of the US.pdf

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X-1
X-planes of the US
AIRCRAFT WITH
THE X-FACTOR
G
Breaking the
sound barrier
Mach 6 to the
edge of space
Wingless
wonder
Son of
Concorde
N
LUDI
INC
X-15
X-24
X-59
The story behind
NASA’s famous
X-planes
70 YEARS OF X-RATED NASA AIRCRAFT
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INTRODUCTION
3
X-planes of the US
X
: The 24th letter of the alphabet is perhaps its most
enigmatic. It symbolises the mysterious, the unknown, the
unexplainable… it also denotes experimental. Therefore,
when a sonic boom sent shock waves around the California skies
on 14 October 1947, it was entirely apposite that the machine
responsible carried the designation X-1.
It was indeed the rst aircraft to break the speed of sound in level ight,
the rst of the supersonic era that would change the world, and the rst
of a long line of X-planes to be produced for the US National Advisory
Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), and its more famous successor
NASA. From X-1 to X-59, we present a fascinating collection of unique
experimental aircraft that have helped pioneer many aviation concepts
over the last 70 years. In the interests of maintaining the ‘aviation’ theme
of the series, we have followed the criteria that ‘if it has wings and ies
like an aircraft, either by pilot or remotely’, it is an X-plane. Pure missiles
and spacecraft are considered as X-vehicles and therefore have not been
included. This explains why the following X-planes do not make up a
The experimental aircraft of NASA
complete numerical sequence. However, the result is an eclectic mix
of supersonic record-breakers, fast jets, vertical take-o , lifting bodies,
bizarre con gurations and futuristic concepts. To put it more succinctly,
these are the X-planes with the X-factor.
AVIATION ARCHIVE SERIES
In this 43rd issue of ‘Aviation Archive’, we examine the ‘secret’ world
of US X-planes, some of the most in uential, fascinating, strange and
breathtaking aircraft to ever take to the skies. It features stunning
photographic coverage, including many exclusive and rare shots. We
would like to thank the NASA archives for many of the images and aircraft
histories, together with the manufacturers Boeing and Lockheed Martin.
Cover :
X-plane extraordinaire. The unique forward-swept-wing Grumman
X-29 was one of the most unusual designs in aviation history.
This page:
The rst of the X-planes and its pilot Charles ‘Chuck’ Yeager.
Aviation Archive Series
X-planes of the US:
The experimental aircraft of NASA
•
Editor:
Allan Burney •
Design:
Philip Hempell
•
Group CEO and Publisher:
Adrian Cox •
Commercial Director:
Ann Saundry
•
Distribution:
Seymour Distribution Ltd +44 (0)20 7429 4000 •
Printing:
Warners (Midlands) PLC, The Maltings, Manor Lane, Bourne, Lincs PE10 9PH.
All rights reserved. The entire content of Aviation Archive is © Key Publishing 2019. Reproduction in whole or in part and in any form whatsoever is strictly prohibited without the prior permission of the Publisher. We are unable to guarantee the
bona fides of any of our advertisers. Readers are strongly recommended to take their own precautions before parting with any information or item of value, including, but not limited to, money, manuscripts, photographs or personal information in
response to any advertisements within this publication. Published by Key Publishing Ltd, PO Box 100, Stamford, Lincs PE19 1XQ. Tel: +44 (0) 1780 755131. Fax: +44 (0) 1780 757261. Website: www.keypublishing.com
ISBN:
9781912205851
4
CONTENTS
X-planes of the US
The experimental aircraft of NACA /N
The only man to have travelled at Mach 6.7 in a winged aircraft,
US Air Force pilot William J. ‘Pete’ Knight is photographed alongside X-15A-2 56-6671.
CONTENTS
5
ASA
6
8
18
21
26
30
34
36
38
44
52
54
55
56
58
66
67
68
74
78
81
86
87
88
89
90
92
93
94
95
96
WHAT IS AN X-PLANE?
BELL X-1
BELL X-2
DOUGLAS X-3 STILETTO
NORTHROP X-4 BANTAM
BELL X-5
CONVAIR X-6
NORTH AMERICAN X-10
RYAN X-13 VERTIJET
NORTH AMERICAN X-15
HILLER X-18
CURTISS WRIGHT X-19
NORTHROP X-21
BELL X-22
MARTIN MARIETTA X-24
BENSEN X-25
SCHWEIZER X-26
GRUMMAN X-29
ROCKWELL-MBB X-31
BOEING X-32
LOCKHEED MARTIN X-35
MCDONNELL DOUGLAS X-36
BOEING X-45
NORTHROP GRUMMAN X-47
BOEING X-48
BOEING X-53
LOCKHEED MARTIN X-55
LOCKHEED MARTIN X-56
NASA X-57 MAXWELL
LOCKHEED MARTIN X-59 QUESST
NORTH AMERICAN XB-70
43 BELL X-14

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