The Formation of Stars - S. Stahler, F. Palla (Cambridge, 2004) WW.pdf

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Steven W. Stahler and Francesco Palla
The Formation of Stars
The Formation of Stars.
Steven W. Stahler and Francesco Palla
Copyright © 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
ISBN: 3-527-40559-3
Steven W. Stahler and Francesco Palla
The Formation of Stars
WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA
Authors
Steven W. Stahler
University of California
Berkeley, USA
e-mail: stahler@astro.berkeley.edu
Francesco Palla
INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico
di Arcetri
Florence, Italy
e-mail: palla@arcetri.astro.it
All books published by Wiley-VCH are carefully
produced. Nevertheless, authors, editors, and
publisher do not warrant the information
contained in these books, including this book, to be
free of errors. Readers are advised to keep in mind
that statements, data, illustrations, procedural
details or other items may inadvertently be inaccu-
rate.
Library of Congress Card No.:
Applied for
British Library Cataloging-in-Publication Data:
A catalogue record for this book is available from
the British Library
Bibliographic information published by
Die Deutsche Bibliothek
Die Deutsche Bibliothek lists this publication
in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed
bibliographic data is available on the internet at
<http://dnb.ddb.de>.
Cover Picture
T. A. Rector, B. Wolpa, M. Hanna;
AURA/NOAO/NSF:
The Rosette Nebula in Monoceros. Massive young
stars in the central cluster have cleared a hole
in the cloud. Ionizing radiation from these stars
causes surrounding gas to glow brightly.
© 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA,
Weinheim
All rights reserved (including those of translation
into other languages). No part of this book may be
reproduced in any form – nor transmitted or trans-
lated into machine language without written
permission from the publishers. Registered names,
trademarks, etc. used in this book, even when not
specifically marked as such, are not to be consid-
ered unprotected by law.
Printed in the Federal Republic of Germany
Printed on acid-free paper
Composition
Uwe Krieg, Berlin
Printing
Strauss GmbH, Mörlenbach
Bookbinding
Litges & Dopf Buchbinderei
GmbH, Heppenheim
ISBN 3-527-40559-3
Contents
Preface
XI
I
1
Star Formation in Our Galaxy
Overview
1.1
Stellar Nurseries: Orion . . . . .
1.2
Stellar Nurseries: Taurus-Auriga
1.3
Stars and Their Evolution . . . .
1.4
The Galactic Context . . . . . .
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2
2
10
15
25
32
32
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51
60
60
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73
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107
117
122
2
The Interstellar Medium
2.1
Galactic Gas and Its Detection . . . . . . . . . . .
2.2
Phases of the Interstellar Medium . . . . . . . . . .
2.3
Interstellar Dust: Extinction and Thermal Emission
2.4
Interstellar Dust: Properties of the Grains . . . . . .
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3
Molecular Clouds
3.1
Giant Molecular Clouds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2
Virial Theorem Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3
Dense Cores and Bok Globules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Young Stellar Systems
4.1
Embedded Clusters . . .
4.2
T and R Associations . .
4.3
OB Associations . . . . .
4.4
Open Clusters . . . . . .
4.5
The Initial Mass Function
4
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II
5
Physical Processes in Molecular Clouds
Molecular Transitions: Basic Physics
5.1
Interstellar Molecules . . . . . .
5.2
Hydrogen (H
2
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5.3
Carbon Monoxide (CO) . . . . .
5.4
Ammonia (NH
3
) . . . . . . . . .
5.5
Water (H
2
O) . . . . . . . . . . .
5.6
Hydroxyl (OH) . . . . . . . . . .
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135
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151
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