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CONTENTS
PART I
CHAPTER 14:
CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY
•
000
CHAPTER 1:
CHAPTER 2:
CHAPTER 3:
Homeostasis and Cellular Signaling
000
Patricia J. Gallagher, Ph.D., and
George A. Tanner, Ph.D.
The Cell Membrane, Membrane Transport, and the
Resting Membrane Potential
000
Stephen A. Kempson, Ph.D.
The Action Potential, Synaptic Transmission, and
Maintenance of Nerve Function
000
Cynthia J. Forehand, Ph.D.
CHAPTER 15:
CHAPTER 16:
CHAPTER 17:
CHAPTER 18:
PART II
NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
•
000
CHAPTER 4:
The Cardiac Pump
000
Thom W. Rooke, M.D., and
Harvey V. Sparks, Jr., M.D.
The Systemic Circulation
000
Thom W. Rooke, M.D., and
Harvey V. Sparks, Jr., M.D.
The Microcirculation and the
Lymphatic System
000
H. Glenn Bohlen, Ph.D.
Special Circulations
000
H. Glenn Bohlen, Ph.D.
Control Mechanisms in Circulatory Function
000
Thom W. Rooke, M.D., and
Harvey V. Sparks, Jr., M.D.
CHAPTER 5:
CHAPTER 6:
CHAPTER 7:
Sensory Physiology
000
Richard A. Meiss, Ph.D.
The Motor System
000
John C. Kincaid, M.D.
The Autonomic Nervous System
000
John C. Kincaid, M.D.
Integrative Functions of the Nervous System
000
Cynthia J. Forehand, Ph.D.
PART V
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY
•
000
CHAPTER 19:
CHAPTER 20:
PART III
CHAPTER 21:
MUSCLE PHYSIOLOGY
•
000
CHAPTER 8:
CHAPTER 9:
CHAPTER 10:
Contractile Properties of Muscle Cells
000
Richard A. Meiss, Ph.D.
Skeletal Muscle and Smooth Muscle
000
Richard A. Meiss, Ph.D.
Cardiac Muscle
000
Richard A. Meiss, Ph.D.
CHAPTER 22:
Ventilation and the Mechanics of Breathing
000
Rodney A. Rhoades, Ph.D.
Pulmonary Circulation and
Ventilation-Perfusion Ratio
000
Rodney A. Rhoades, Ph.D.
Gas Transfer and Transport
000
Rodney A. Rhoades, Ph.D.
The Control of Ventilation
000
Rodney A. Rhoades, Ph.D.
PART VI
RENAL PHYSIOLOGY AND BODY FLUIDS
•
000
Kidney Function
000
George A. Tanner, Ph.D.
CHAPTER 24
: The Regulation of Fluid and
Electrolyte Balance
000
George A. Tanner, Ph.D.
CHAPTER 25:
Acid-Base Balance
000
George A. Tanner, Ph.D.
CHAPTER 23:
PART IV
BLOOD AND CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY
•
000
CHAPTER 11:
CHAPTER 12:
CHAPTER 13:
Blood Components, Immunity, and Hemostasis
000
Denis English, Ph.D.
An Overview of the Circulation and
Hemodynamics
000
Thom W. Rooke, M.D., and
Harvey V. Sparks, Jr., M.D.
The Electrical Activity of the Heart
000
Thom W. Rooke, M.D., and
Harvey V. Sparks, Jr., M.D.
PART VII
GASTROINTESTINAL PHYSIOLOGY
•
000
CHAPTER 26:
Neurogastroenterology and Gastrointestinal
Motility
000
Jackie D. Wood, Ph.D.
ix
x
Contents
Gastrointestinal Secretion, Digestion, and
Absorption
000
Patrick Tso, Ph.D.
The Physiology of the Liver
000
Patrick Tso, Ph.D., and James McGill, M.D.
CHAPTER 34:
CHAPTER 27:
CHAPTER 35:
CHAPTER 28:
CHAPTER 36:
PART VIII
The Adrenal Gland
000
Robert V. Considine, Ph.D.
The Endocrine Pancreas
000
Daniel E. Peavy, Ph.D.
Endocrine Regulation of Calcium, Phosphate, and
Bone Metabolism
000
Daniel E. Peavy, Ph.D.
TEMPERATURE REGULATION AND
EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY
•
000
CHAPTER 29:
CHAPTER 30:
The Regulation of Body Temperature
000
C. Bruce Wenger, M.D., Ph.D.
Exercise Physiology
000
Alon Harris, Ph.D., and Bruce E. Martin, Ph.D.
PART X
REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY
•
000
CHAPTER 37:
CHAPTER 38:
PART IX
ENDOCRINE PHYSIOLOGY
•
000
CHAPTER 31:
CHAPTER 39:
CHAPTER 32:
CHAPTER 33:
Endocrine Control Mechanisms
000
Daniel E. Peavy, Ph.D.
The Hypothalamus and the Pituitary Gland
000
Robert V. Considine, Ph.D.
The Thyroid Gland
000
Robert V. Considine, Ph.D.
The Male Reproductive System
000
Paul F. Terranova, Ph.D.
The Female Reproductive System
000
Paul F. Terranova, Ph.D.
Fertilization, Pregnancy, and Fetal
Development
000
Paul F. Terranova, Ph.D.
Appendix A:
Appendix B:
Answers to Review Questions
000
Common Abbreviations in Physiology
000
inside front cover
Normal Blood, Plasma, or Serum Values
PREFACE
The goal of this second edition of
Medical Physiology
is to
provide a clear, accurate, and up-to-date introduction to
medical physiology for medical students and students in
the allied health sciences. Physiology, the study of normal
function, is key to understanding pathophysiology and
pharmacology and is essential to the everyday practice of
clinical medicine.
The level of the book is meant to be midway be-
tween an oversimplified review book and an encyclopedic
textbook of physiology. Each chapter is written by medical
school faculty members who have had many years of ex-
perience teaching physiology and who are experts in their
field. They have selected material that is important for
medical students to know and have presented this material
in a concise, uncomplicated, and understandable fashion.
We have purposely avoided discussion of research labora-
tory methods or historical material because most medical
students are too busy to be burdened by such information.
We have also avoided topics that are unsettled, recogniz-
ing that new research constantly provides fresh insights
and sometimes challenges old ideas.
Level.
ogy. Special chapters on the blood and the liver are in-
cluded. Chapters on acid-base regulation, temperature reg-
ulation, and exercise discuss these complex, integrated
functions. The order of presentation of topics follows that
of most United States medical school courses in physiol-
ogy. After the first two chapters, the other chapters can be
read in any order, and some chapters may be skipped if the
subjects are taught in other courses (e.g., neurobiology or
biochemistry).
Material on pathophysiology is included throughout
the book. This not only reinforces fundamental physiolog-
ical principles but also demonstrates the relevance of phys-
iology to an understanding of numerous medically impor-
tant conditions.
Pedagogy.
Many changes have been instituted in
this second edition. All chapters were rewritten, in some
cases by new contributors, and most illustrations have
been redrawn. The new illustrations are clearer and make
better use of color. An effort has also been made to insti-
tute more conceptual illustrations, rather than including
more graphs and tables of data. These conceptual dia-
grams help students understand the general underpinnings
of physiology. Another key change is the book’s size: It is
more compact because of deletions of extraneous material
and shortening of some of the sections, most notably the
gastrointestinal physiology section. We also overhauled
many of the features in the book. Each chapter now con-
tains a list of key concepts. The clinical focus boxes have
been updated; they are more practical and less research-
oriented. Each chapter includes a case study, with ques-
tions and answers. All of the review questions at the end
of each chapter are now of the USMLE type. Lists of com-
mon abbreviations in physiology and of normal blood val-
ues have been added.
Key Changes.
Content.
This book begins with a discussion of basic
physiological concepts, such as homeostasis and cell sig-
naling, in Chapter 1. Chapter 2 covers the cell membrane,
membrane transport, and the cell membrane potential.
Most of the remaining chapters discuss the different organ
systems: nervous, muscle, cardiovascular, respiratory, re-
nal, gastrointestinal, endocrine, and reproductive physiol-
This second edition incorporates many fea-
tures that should aid the student in his or her study of phys-
iology:
•
Chapter outline.
The outline at the beginning of each
chapter gives a preview of the chapter and is a useful
study aid.
•
Key concepts.
Each chapter starts with a short list of
key concepts that the student should understand after
reading the chapter.
•
Text.
The text is easy to read, and topics are developed
logically. Difficult concepts are explained clearly, often
with the help of figures. Minutiae or esoteric topics are
avoided.
•
Topic headings.
Second-level topic headings are active
full-sentence statements. For example, instead of head-
ing a section “Homeostasis,” the heading is “Homeosta-
sis is the maintenance of steady states in the body by co-
ordinated physiological mechanisms.” In this way, the
key idea in a section is immediately obvious.
•
Boldfacing.
Key terms are boldfaced upon their first ap-
pearance in a chapter.
•
Illustrations and tables.
The figures have been selected
to illustrate important concepts. The illustrations often
show interrelationships between different variables or
components of a system. Many of the figures are flow
diagrams, so that students can appreciate the sequence
of events that follow when a factor changes. Tables of-
ten provide useful summaries of material explained in
more detail in the text.
•
Clinical focus boxes.
Each chapter contains one or two
clinical focus boxes that illustrate the relevance of the
physiology discussed in the chapter to an understand-
ing of medicine.
•
Case studies.
Each section concludes with a set of case
studies, one for each chapter, with questions and an-
swers. These case studies help to reinforce how an un-
v
vi
Preface
derstanding of physiology is important in dealing with
clinical conditions.
•
Review questions and answers.
Students can use the re-
view questions at the end of each chapter to test whether
they have mastered the material. These USMLE-type
questions should help students prepare for the Step 1
examination. Answers to the questions are provided at
the end of the book and include explanations as to why
the choices are correct or incorrect.
•
Suggested readings.
Each chapter provides a short list
of recent review articles, monographs, book chapters,
classic papers, or Web sites where students can obtain
additional information.
•
Abbreviations and normal values.
This second edition
includes a table of common abbreviations in physiology
and a table of normal blood, plasma, or serum values. All
abbreviations are defined when first used in the text, but
the table of abbreviations in the appendix serves as a use-
ful reminder of abbreviations commonly used in physi-
ology and medicine. Normal values for blood are also
embedded in the text, but the table on the inside of the
front cover provides a more complete and easily accessi-
ble reference.
•
Index.
A complete index allows the student to easily
look up material in the text.
The design of this second edition has been com-
pletely overhauled. The new design makes navigating the
text easier. Likewise, the design highlights the pedagogical
features, making them easier to find and use.
We thank the contributors for their patience and for fol-
lowing directions so that we could achieve a textbook of
reasonably uniform style. Dr. James McGill was kind
enough to write the clinical focus boxes and case studies for
Chapters 26 and 27. We thank Marlene Brown for her sec-
retarial assistance, Betsy Dilernia for her critical editing of
each chapter, and Kathleen Scogna, our development edi-
tor, without whose encouragement and support this revised
edition would not have been possible.
Design.
Rodney A. Rhoades, Ph.D.
George A. Tanner, Ph.D.

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