Firchow. A grammar of Rotokas.pdf

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A GRAMMAR
OF
ROTOKAS
0.
PREFACE
The
present draft
of
the
Rotokas
grammar
is
intended
to
ure
and
serve three purposes.
draft in which
in which
the
It
is first
an outline of
a fut
the
missing
grammar
chapters
including
will be filled in,
the
portions
pre
whole
sented here
provides
will
be
tied
together.
delays
the
Secondly,
materials
the
this
on
draft
without further
were
Rotokas
Levels
syntax which
developed
during
1974 Higher
Grammar Workshop held
ally it
allows
me
to
at
at Ukarumpa
(P.N.G.
Branch).
Fin
ideas
for
put down in black
the present
time
and white
I
feel
some
in the rough which
a descriptive
other
of worth
and
an
format.
look
at
With criticisms
it within
the
by others
coming year
good hard
by my
self,
these current
before
there
ideas will
is
no doubt undergo
further
draft.
changes
satisfaction with
a final
I hope
anyone reading
I
this
present
on
draft will realize that
paper
and
these
ideas
in many parts
still
need
am only
to
thinking
time
simmer
a bit more!
1.
ABBREVIATIONS
In the
final
paper
I
draft
will
will
be
the
abbreviations
at
this
used
throughout
In this
close.
the
entire
presented
the
point.
draft,
however,
list
abbreviations
at the
ROTOKAS
GRAMMAR
2
2.
SYMBOLIZATION
The
ATIONS .
same
is
true for
this
section
as for ABBREVI
3.
TYPOGRAPHICAL
The
same
is
CONVENTIONS
true
for
this
section
as
for ABBREVI
ATIONS.
4.
INTRODUCTION
The Rotokas
people
of
ers
language
is
spoken by
approximately
4,200
living
in the Kieta and Buka Passage Sub-Districts
Island.
eastern
ridges
The
side
majority of
of
the
island
three
the
speak
central
are
Bougainville
on
on
the
the
located
built
in the
main
villages
surrounding
the
river systems
in the Aita
and Rotokas
There
is
a
the
census
divisions
of
the Kieta Sub-District.
the
three river-system
correlation between
three
dialects
of
the
areas
and
Rotokas
language:
the Wakunai River
area - Rotokas
Proper,
the Red River
area - Pipipaia dialect,
Also
included
in
is
and the Aita River
the
Rotokas
on
language
west
area - Aita dialect.
is
the Atsilima Sub-language which
located
the
ern
side
of
the
island in the Buka Passage Sub-District.
is
divided
basically
into
two
Bougainville District
1
J.
Allen
and
C.
Hurd,
Languages
of
the
Bougainville
District,
(Ukarumpa,
PNG,
1963)
p.
21
ROTOKAS GRAMMAR
.
3
major linguistic groups:
and
Polynesian)
on the
the Austronesian
of Buka
and
(Melanesian
in
the
north
island
ern portion of
(Papuan
Bougainville,
in
and the Non-Austronesian
the
southern portion.
Stock
or Non-Melanesian)
part of
Rotokas is
of
the Kunua-Keriaka-Rotokas-Eivo
these
it
two major
languages between
its
linguistic divisions.
some
features
of
Because of
location
seemsftshare
the Austronesian languages
although it is characterized
features
and
by predominantly Non-Austronesian language
accordingly
is
classified
as
such.
Adam Muller,
Kunua Language
S.M.
in his Grammar
that this
and Vocabulary of the
of languages of
suggests
stock
which Rotokas is
or
a part be called the
He gives
"Central Languages"
the following points
"Papu-Melanesian Mixed."
of comparison between the three linguistic groups:
Central
and Austronesian
languages have
1)
the
one enumeration for
everything,
the Non-Austronesian languages have multiple
according to the classes of ob
and Non-Austro
enumeration which differs
jects
to be counted;
2)
the Austronesian
nesian languages have
ject within the verb
not
(although
the
some type of indication of
affixation,
the ob
the Central languages do
of
the verb is marked to
"transitivity"
Language,
bourg,
2
Adam Muller,
Edited by the Anthropos Institute,
1954.
p 13
S.M.,
Grammar
and Vocabulary of
Posieux/Fri-
the
Kunua
Switzerland,
ROTOKAS GRAMMAR
4
a degree by
ation of
the
choice
and
of
3)
Person-Number
the Central
while
and Tense
languages
affix
have
in
the verb);
clusive and
guages
exclusive
pronouns
and
the Austronesian lan
pronouns
and
person
include
inclusive
exclusive
markers within
the verb
affixation
and
the Non-Austronesian
have neither pronouns
affixation marked for
Hopefully,
of
a future
nor person markers within the verb
inclusiveness
give
or exclusiveness.
a
detailed comparison
Bougainville
will
Dis
assume
paper will
and
the northern,
central,
The
southern
trict languages-
present paper,
however,
only the two major groups,
ronesian
of which Rotokas
i.e.
Austronesian and Non-Aust
to
the
latter.
belongs
Research in Rotokas was carried out during X several
periods of
under the
time totalling
auspices of
the
40 months between
1965
and 1974
Summer Institute of Linguistics.
Most of the primary materials
from a concordance
of
70
texts
in this description are
in Rotokas
made on the
IBM
1410 computer at the University of Oklahoma by the Linguis
tic Retrieval
Project of
the Summer
Institute
of Linguistics
and the University of Oklahoma Research Institute
by Grant GS-270 of
sponsored
the National Science Foundation.
3.
The presence of the inclusive and exclusive person-
number markers of the Rotokas verb were apparently
unknown
vations.
to Muller
at
the
time he
wrote
these
obser
ROTOKAS
GRAMMAR
5
5.
ACKOWLEDGMENTS
The
analysis
presented in this
paper
is
the result
of
these
ef
of
several
different directed efforts.
Two
forts involved guidance and encouragement by various
dividuals.
The first was
in
during my graduate program at
Eric
the University
of California at Davis where HK Dr.
Liu of the Linguistic Committee gave valuable help in the
analysis
of
the
Rotokas
morphology.
The
title of
the
thesis
submitted in partial
the
degree
of Master
satisfaction of
of
Arts
the requirements
is
for
in Linguistics
New
"Form and
A
Function of
Rotokas Words,
Bougainville,
Guinea."
modified
paper.
form of
this
paper
is used
extensively
in
this
The
second
effort
was
during
a
3-month
P.N.G.
Higher Levels
the
year
Marshall
Grammar Workshop held
1974.
Dr.
Alan Healey
at Ukarumpa,
directed
the
during
workshop
and Mr.
K&M&KSHES Lawrence consulted with me about
Both
iod
of
of
these
men
also
gave
valuable
help
the research.
during
this
per
analysis.
Other papers
also be
used
in
written
this
about the
Rotokas
language will
Drs.
Alan
other
and
final
in
description.
Both
Phyllis Healey helped
papers.
the
development of
these
Finally
have
I
would
like
to
acknowledge
have
the
to
Rotokas
explain
men who
the
contributed
texts
and who
helped

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