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Java Performance:

The Definitive Guide

Scott Oaks

Java Performance: The Definitive Guide

by Scott Oaks

Printed in the United States of America.

Published by O’Reilly Media, Inc., 1005 Gravenstein Highway North, Sebastopol, CA 95472.

O’Reilly books may be purchased for educational, business, or sales promotional use. Online editions are

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Editor:

Meghan Blanchette

Production Editor:

Kristen Brown

Copyeditor:

Becca Freed

Proofreader:

Charles Roumeliotis

April 2014:

First Edition

Indexer:

Judith McConville

Cover Designer:

Karen Montgomery

Interior Designer:

David Futato

Illustrator:

Rebecca Demarest

Revision History for the First Edition:

2014-04-09:

2014-12-19:

First release

Second release

See

http://oreilly.com/catalog/errata.csp?isbn=9781449358457

for release details.

Nutshell Handbook, the Nutshell Handbook logo, and the O’Reilly logo are registered trademarks of O’Reilly

Media, Inc.

Java Performance: The Definitive Guide,

the image of saiga antelopes, and related trade dress are

trademarks of O’Reilly Media, Inc.

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trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and O’Reilly Media, Inc. was aware of a trademark

claim, the designations have been printed in caps or initial caps.

While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and author assume no

responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of the information contained

herein.

ISBN: 978-1-449-35845-7

[LSI]

Table of Contents

Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix

1. Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

A Brief Outline

Platforms and Conventions

JVM Tuning Flags

The Complete Performance Story

Write Better Algorithms

Write Less Code

Oh Go Ahead, Prematurely Optimize

Look Elsewhere: The Database Is Always the Bottleneck

Optimize for the Common Case

Summary

Test a Real Application

Microbenchmarks

Macrobenchmarks

Mesobenchmarks

Common Code Examples

Understand Throughput, Batching, and Response Time

Elapsed Time (Batch) Measurements

Throughput Measurements

Response Time Tests

Understand Variability

Test Early, Test Often

Summary

Operating System Tools and Analysis

2. An Approach to Performance Testing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

iii

3. A Java Performance Toolbox. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

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