1944_OSS_Simple-Sabotage-Field-Manual.pdf

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Per guidance from the Chief/DRRB CIA Declassification Center,
you may consider the document declassified... If you use an
exact copy of the document in your presentations, please draw
a line through the classification markings to prevent confusion.
Use the information as you see fit.
4/2/2008
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UNCLASSIFIED
1f.J
SIM.IJ~E
SABOTAGE
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lv\ANUAL
~ "rategic Services
(::'rovis!onal)
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STRATEGICSERVICESFIELD MANUAL
No.3
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UNCLASSIFIED
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Office of strategic
Services
Washington, D. C.
1
17 January
1944
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This Simple Sabotage Field Manual- Strategic Ser-
vices
(Provisional)
is published for the information and
guidance of all concerned and will be used as the basic doc-
trine for Strate~ic Services training for this subject.
The contents of this Manual should be carefully con-
trolled and should not be al10wed to come into unauthorized
hands.
-
The instructiom may be placed in separate pamphlets
or leaOets according to categories of operations but should be
distributee! with care and not broadly. They should be used
as a basis of radio broactc[\sts only for local and special cases
....
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and as directed by the theater commander.
, AR 330-5, pertaining to hand1lng of secret documents,
will be complied with in the handling of this Manual.
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A/~AM-
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Director
William J. Donovan
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CONTENTS
Page
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1. INTRODUCTION.
2.
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2
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6
POSSIBLE
EFFECTS.
THE SABOTEUR.
3. MOTIVATING
4. TOOLS, TARGETS,
AND TIMING
5. SPECIFIC
LIMPLE
SUGGESTIONS
SABOTAGE.
FOR
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SIMPLI!: SABOTAGE
1.
INTRODUCTION'
~. The purpose of this paper is to characterize simple
sabotage, to .outline its possible efIects, and to present
suggestions for inciting and executing it.
"'!2~Sabotage varies from highly technical
coup de main
~ts that require detailed planning and the use
ot
specially
trained operatives, to innumerable simple acts which the
. ordinary individual citizen-saboteur can perform. This
"paper is primarily concerned with the latter type. Simple'
(sabotage does not require specially prepared tools or equip-
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illent; it is executed by an ordinary
citizen who mayor
imay not act individually and without the necessity for.
~active connection with an organized group; and it i~ car-
ried out in such a way as to involve a minimum danger
of
.
injury,
detection, and reprisal.
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Where destruction is involved, the weapons
oC
the'
;dtizen-saboteur are salt, nails, candles, pebbles, thread, or
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'any other mater.ials he might normally be expected to
possess as a householder 01'as a worker in his particular
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q~.c_upation. is arsenal is the kitchen shelf, the trash pile,
H
[hiS own usual kit of tools and supplies. The targets
of
his
!sabotage are usually objects to which he has normal and
'll!conspicuous access in everyday life.
Q.
A second type of sImple sabotage requires l1O..de.struc-
tive ..tools whatsoever and produces physical da.magc, if
"any, by highly indir~ct mc.aps:-It is based on universal
opportunities to make faul.~y.d~cisions, to adopt a Jlon-
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coop'~ra.tiv.e-
attitude, and to induce others to follow suit.
Making a faulty decision may be simply a' matter of
~~~i~g)9P.ls in one spot instead of another.. A non-cooper-
ative attitude may involve nothing more than creating an
unpleasant situatio.Q.among .one~s.fello~ workers, engag-
ing in bickerings, or displaying surliness and stupidity.
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e. This type
of
activity, sometimes referred to as the
"h'uman clement," 15frequently responsible for accidents,
~£l~s,
and genel'aJ..o_~stl'uctloneven under norma.l condi-
tions. The potential saboteur sl!°uld discover what ty-;>cs
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SEcnE,
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ECRgT
(1)
Personal Motives
(a) The ordinary cItizen very probably has no
immedIate personal motive for committing
simple
sabotage. Instead, he must be made' to' anticipn.te
~dlrect personal gain, such as might come. wilh
enemy evacuation .01' destruction of the ruling gov-
eJ;nment group. Gains should be stated as specifically
as possible for the area addressed: simple sa.botage
will hasten the day when Commissioner X and his
deputies Y and Z will be thrown out, when particu-
larly obnoxious decrees and restrictions
will be
abolished, when food will arrive, and so on. Abstract
verbalizations about personal liberty, freedom of the
press, and so on, wi1l not be convincing in most parts
of the world. In many areas they will not even be
or (l\ulLy decisions and non-cooperation are
normally
rotlnel in his kind o( work and should then devise his
.<;I\1Jotl\~e as to enlo.rge that "margin for error."
so
2.
POSSIBLE EFFECTS
,!!.Acts of simple sabotage are occurring throughout
Europe. An eITortshould be made to add to their efficiency,
Ics.<;t'n he-!r etectability, and increase their number. Acts
L
d
o( !\Imple sabotage, multiplied by thousands of citizen-
!\I\boll'urs,can be an effective weapon against the enemy.
Slnshlng tires, draining fuel tanKs, starting fires, starting
nrgunlrnls, acting stupidly, short-circuiting electric sys-
trms. nbradlng machine parts ,vill waste materials, man-
power. and time. Occurring on a wide scale, simple sabotage
will be n constant and tangible drag on the war effort of
the enemy.
,
Q. Simple sabotage may also have secondary results of
morc 01'lcss value. Widespread practice of simple sabotage
will harass and demoralize enemy administrators and
police. Further. success may embolden the citizen-sabo-
teur eventually to find colleagues who can assist him in
sabotng-eof greater dimensions. Finally, the very practice
of simple sabotage by natives in enemy or occupied terri-
tory mny make these individuals identify themselves
actively with the United Nations war etIort, and encourage
. them to assist openly in periods of Allied invasion and
occupation.
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3.
MOTIVATING
THE
SABOTEUR
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the citizen to the active practice of simple
. sabotage and to keep him practicing that sabotage over
sustained periods is a special problem.
Q.
Simple sabotage is often an act which the citizen
perfonns according to his own initiative and inclination.
Acts of destruction do not bring him any personal gain
and may be completely foreign to his habitually conserva-
tionist attitude toward materials and tools. Purposeful
stupidity is contrary to human nature. He frequently
nC'cdspressurc, sti.mulatlon or !\ssurn.nce, and information
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g.
To incite
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and suggestions
sabotage.
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regarding
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fe('.~ible methods
of simple
comprehensible.
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(b) Since the effect of his own acts is limited,
the saboteur may become discouraged unless he feels
that he is a member of a large, though unseen, group
of saboteurs operating against the enemy or the
government of his own country and elsewhere. This
can be cgnyeyecl indirectly: suggestions which he
reads and hears can include observations that a
particular technique has been successful in this or
that district. Even if the technique is not applicable
to his surroundings, another's success will encourage
him to attempt similar acts. It also can be conveyed
directly: statements' praising the effectiveness of
simple sabotage cnn be contrived which will be pulr
lished by-~hite radio, freedom stations, and the sub-
versive press. Estimates
'ot
the proportion of the
population engaged in sabotage can be disseminated.
In.stances
of
successful sabotage already are being
broadcast by white radio and freedom stations,. and
this should be continued and expanded where com-
patible wit~ security.
(c) More important than (a) or (b) would be
to create [\ situation in which the citizen-snboteur
acquIres a sense
of
responsibU1ty and begins to
..educate others in simple snboto.ge.
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