D3.1 Report describing the design of the research apparatus.pdf

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FP7-­‐SEC-­‐2011-­‐284725  
 
 
SURVEILLE  
 
Start  date  of  project:   1.2.2012  
 
 
Duration:  39  months  
 
 
 
SURVEILLE  Work  Package  number  and  lead:  WP03,  Professor  Coen  van  Gulijk    
Author(s):  Lena  Sophie  Eckert,  Professor  Hans-­‐Helmuth  Gander,  Professor  Coen  van  Gulijk,  
Dr.  Sebastian  Höhn    
 
Surveillance:  Ethical  Issues,  Legal  Limitations,  and  Efficiency    
 
Collaborative  Project  
 
 
SURVEILLE  Deliverable  3.1:  Report  describing  the  design  of  the  research  apparatus  for  the  
European-­‐level  study  of  perceptions.  
 
 
 
Due  date  of  deliverable:  31.10.2012  
 
Actual  submission  date:  31.10.2012  
 
 
 
SURVEILLE:  Project  co-­‐funded  by  the  European  Commission  within  the  Seventh  Framework  Programme  
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Restricted  to  a  group  specified  by  the  consortium  (including  the  Commission  Services)  
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SURVEILLE  –  Deliverable  3.1  
 
 
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SURVEILLE  –  Deliverable  3.1  
Executive  Summary
 
 
This  report  describes  the  design  of  the  research  apparatus  for  the  European-­‐level  study  of  
perceptions.   The   study   will   be   structured   as   follows:   First,   there   is   the   classification   of  
surveillance   technologies   (cf.   Deliverable   2.1)   which   will   underlie   and   structure   further  
research   on   a   fundamental   level:   Based   on   the   bow-­‐tie   model,   the   classification  
distinguishes  four  phases  (prevention,  protection,  incident  response,  prosecution)  and  is  an  
instrument   that   allows   demonstrating   that   and   why   perception   and   acceptance   of  
surveillance   technologies   will   differ   in   the   different   phases.   Second,   we   will   lay   the  
methodological   foundations   and   show   that   we   will   particularly   draw   on   already   existing  
empirical   studies   in   commenting   and   evaluating   them.   In   doing   that,   we   will   refer   to   a  
specific  normative  framework  in  order  to  combine  perception  and  ethical  issues.  Third,  we  
will  draw  up  a  comprehensive  record  of  EU-­‐sponsored  research  projects,  which  have  dealt  
with  questions  around  the  issue  of  surveillance  perception.  Our  evaluation  will  include  both  
closed  projects  and  current  projects  SURVEILLE  is  cooperating  with.  Fourth,  we  will  produce  
a  literature  survey  of  surveillance  perception  focusing  on  the  latest  research  in  the  field  of  
surveillance   perception.   Fifth,   we   will   give   an   overview   of   effects   and   side-­‐effects   of  
surveillance  technologies  with  a  particular  focus  on  ethical  and  social  aspects.  Finally,  we  will  
show   that   there   is   a   difference   between   the   objective   and   the   perceived   effectiveness   of  
surveillance  technologies.  This  phenomenon  will  be  demonstrated  on  the  basis  of  empirical  
studies.  
 
 
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SURVEILLE  –  Deliverable  3.1  
 
Table  of  Contents  
 
Design  of  the  Research  Apparatus  of  the  European-­‐Level  Study  of  Perceptions  
of  Surveillance  
 
1. Classification  of  Surveillance  Technologies    
2. Methodological  Foundations  
3. EU  Projects  
3.1 Evaluation  of  Completed  EU  Projects  
3.2 Consultation  with  Current  EU  Projects  
4. Survey  of  Perception  of  Surveillance  
5. Effects  and  Side-­‐Effects  of  Surveillance  
5.1 Surveillance  Technologies  being  Perceived  as  Threats  themselves  
5.2 Chilling  Effect  
5.3 Security  Dilemma  
5.4 Function  Creep  
5.5 Self-­‐Surveillance  and  Normalization  
6. Perceived  Effectiveness  of  Surveillance  Technologies  
 
7. Select  Bibliography  
 
 
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SURVEILLE  –  Deliverable  3.1  
 
Design   of   the   Research   Apparatus   for   the   European-­‐Level   Study   of  
Perceptions  of  Surveillance  
 
1. Classification  of  Surveillance  Technologies  
 
In   SURVEILLE   we   deal   with   surveillance   technologies   used   in   the   field   of   security.   Having  
worked   closely   together   with   technicians   we   have   decided   to   develop   our   classification   of  
technologies   on   the   basis   of   the   “bow-­‐tie   model”.
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 The   bow-­‐tie   model   is   a   scientifically  
validated   method   that   describes   a   risk   system.   The   original   model   is   a   quantitative   risk  
analysis   (QRA)   method   that   couples   fault   trees   (FT)   and   events   sequence   diagrams   (ESD).  
Today,  it  is  also  used  as  a  qualitative  model  to  describe  what  actions  can  be  taken  before  a  
certain   risk   materializes   and   what   actions   can   be   taken   to   mitigate   the   effects   of   the   risk  
materializing.    
 
Figure  1:  The  bow-­‐tie  model  in  relation  to  other  sequencing  models  (SRMBOK,  p.  223)  
 
                                                                                                               
1
 Talbot,  Julian/  Jakeman,  Miles:  
Security  Risk  Management  –  Body  of  Knowledge  (SRMBOK),  
Hoboken  2009,  p.  
223.  
 
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