Data Structures for Computational Statistics [Klinke 1997-05-20](2).pdf

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Contributions to Statistics
V. FedorovIW.G. Milller/I.N. Vuchkov
(Eds.)
Model-Oriented Data Analysis,
XIIl248 pages, 1992
J. Antoch
(Ed.)
Computational Aspects of Model Choice,
VII1285 pages, 1993
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Model-Oriented Data Analysis,
X1III287 pages, 1993
P. MandllM. HuSkov'
(Eds.)
Asymptotic Statistics
Xl474
pages, 1994
P. DirschedllR. Ostermann
(Eds.)
Computational Statistics
VIY553 pages, 1994
C.P. KitsosIW.G. Milller
(Eds.)
MODA4 - Advances in Model-Oriented Data Analysis,
XlV1297 pages, 1995
H. Schmidli
Reduced Rank Regression,
Xl179
pages, 1995
W. HllrdIeIM. G. Schimek
(Eds.)
Statistical Theory and Computational Aspects of Smoothing,
VIDn65 pages, 1996
Sigbert Klinke
Data Structures for
Computational Statistics
With 108 Figures
and 43
Tables
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH
Series Editors
Wemer
A.
Miiller
Peter Schuster
Author
Dr. Sigbert Klinke
Humboldt-University of Berlin
DeprunnentofEconomics
Institute of Statistics and Econometrics
Spandauer Str. 1
D-10178 Berlin, Germany
ISBN
978-3-7908-0982-4
Cataloging-in-Publication Data applied for
Die Deutsche 8ibliothek - CIP-Einheitsaufnahme
Klinke, Sigbert: Data sttuctures for computational statistics: with 43 tables / Sigbert Klinke. -
Heidelberg: Physica-VerI., 1997
(Conbibutions to statistics)
ISBN 978-3-7908-0982-4
ISBN 978-3-642-59242-3 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-59242-3
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Preface
Since the beginning of the seventies computer hardware is available to use
programmable computers for various tasks. During the nineties the hardware
has developed from the big main frames to personal workstations. Nowadays
it is not only the hardware which is much more powerful, but workstations can
do much more work than a main frame, compared to the seventies.
In
parallel
we find a specialization in the software. Languages like COBOL for business-
orientated programming or Fortran for scientific computing only marked the
beginning. The introduction of personal computers in the eighties gave new
impulses for even further development, already at the beginning of the seven-
ties some special languages like SAS or SPSS were available for statisticians.
Now that personal computers have become very popular the number of pro-
grams start to explode. Today we will find a wide variety of programs for
almost any statistical purpose (Koch
&
Haag 1995).
The past twenty years of software development have brought along a great
improvement of statistical software as well.
It
is quite obvious that statisti-
cians have very specific requirements for their software. There are two de-
velopments in the recent years which I regard as very important. They are
represented by two programs:
• the idea of object orientation which is carried over from computer sci-
ence and realized in S-Plus
• the idea of linking (objects) is present since the first interactive sta-
tistical program (PRIM-9).
In
programs like DataDesk, X-Lisp-Stat or
Voyager this idea has reached its most advanced form. Interactivity has
become an important tool in software (e.g. in teachware like CIT) and
statistics.
The aim of this thesis is to discuss and develop data structures which are
necessary for an interface of statistics and computing. Naturally the final
aim will be to build powerful tools so that statisticians are able to work
efficiently, meaning a minimum use of computing time.
Before the reader will read the details, I will use the opportunity to express
my gratefulness to all the people who helped me and joined my way. At the
first place is, Prof. Dr. W. HardIe. Since 1988 when I started to work as a
student for him he guided me to the topic of my thesis. The development
of
XploRe
2.0, where I had only a small participation, and
XploRe
3.0 to
3.2 gave me a lot of insights in the problems of statistical computing. With

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