Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing Behavioral and Cognitive Modeling of the Human Brain - Konar Amit.pdf

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Artificial Intelligence
and
Soft Computing
Behavioral and Cognitive Modeling
of the Human Brain
Artificial Intelligence
and
Soft Computing
Behavioral and Cognitive Modeling
of the Human Brain
Amit Konar
Department of Electronics and Tele-communication Engineering
Jadavpur University, Calcutta, India
CRC Press
Boca Raton London New York Washington, D.C.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Konar, Amit.
Artificial intelligence and soft computing : behavioral and cognitive modeling of
the human brain / Amit Konar.
p.
cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-8493-1385-6 (alk. paper)
1. Soft computing. 2. Artificial intelligence. 3. Brain—Computer simulation. I. Title.
QA76.9.S63 K59 1999
006.3--dc21
99-048018
CIP
This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material
is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable
efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and the publisher cannot
assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the consequences of their use.
Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic
or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or by any information storage or
retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher.
The consent of CRC Press LLC does not extend to copying for general distribution, for promotion, for
creating new works, or for resale. Specific permission must be obtained in writing from CRC Press LLC
for such copying.
Direct all inquiries to CRC Press LLC, 2000 N.W. Corporate Blvd., Boca Raton, Florida 33431.
Trademark Notice:
Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are
used only for identification and explanation, without intent to infringe.
© 2000 by CRC Press LLC
No claim to original U.S. Government works
International Standard Book Number 0-8493-1385
Library of Congress Card Number 99-048018
Printed in the United States of America
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
Printed on acid-free paper
PREFACE
The book, to the best of the author’s knowledge, is the first text of its kind that
presents both the traditional and the modern aspects of ‘AI and Soft
Computing’ in a clear, insightful and highly comprehensive writing style. It
provides an in-depth analysis of the mathematical models and algorithms, and
demonstrates their applications in real world problems of significant
complexity.
1. About the book
The book covers 24 chapters altogether. It starts with the behavioral
perspective of the ‘human cognition’ and covers in detail the tools and
techniques required for its intelligent realization on machines. The classical
chapters on search, symbolic logic, planning and machine learning have been
covered in sufficient details, including the latest research in the subject. The
modern aspects of soft computing have been introduced from the first
principles and discussed in a semi-informal manner, so that a beginner of the
subject is able to grasp it with minimal effort. Besides soft computing, the
other leading aspects of current AI research covered in the book include non-
monotonic and spatio-temporal reasoning, knowledge acquisition,
verification, validation and maintenance issues, realization of cognition on
machines and the architecture of AI machines. The book ends with two case
studies: one on ‘criminal investigation’ and the other on ‘navigational
planning of robots,’ where the main emphasis is given on the realization of
intelligent systems using the methodologies covered in the book.
The book is unique for its diversity in contents, clarity and precision of
presentation and the overall completeness of its chapters. It requires no
mathematical prerequisites beyond the high school algebra and elementary
differential calculus; however, a mathematical maturity is required to follow
the logical concepts presented therein. An elementary background of data
structure and a high level programming language like Pascal or C is helpful to
understand the book. The book, thus, though meant for two semester courses
of computer science, will be equally useful to readers of other engineering
disciplines and psychology as well as for its diverse contents, clear
presentation and minimum prerequisite requirements.
In order to make the students aware of the applied side of the subject,
the book includes a few homework problems, selected from a wide range of
topics. The problems supplied, in general, are of three types: i) numerical, ii)
reflexive and iii) provocative. The numerical problems test the students’

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