O-Ring Handbook.pdf

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Seals
Parker O-Ring
Handbook
Catalog ORD 5700A/US
ISO 9001 / QS9000 Certified
Parker
O-Ring
Handbook
2001 Edition
Sections
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
Introduction to O-Ring Sealing
Basic O-Ring Elastomers
O-Ring Applications
Static O-Ring Sealing
Dynamic O-Ring Sealing
ParBak™ Back-Up Rings
Compatibility Tables for Gases,
Fluids, Solids
VIII Specifications
IX Sizes
X
Appendix
XI Index
Parker Offer of Sale
Seals
Parker Accessories for O-ring Users
WARNING
Failure, improper selection or improper use of the products and/or systems described
herein or related items can cause death, personal injury or property damage.
This document and other information from Parker Hannifin Corporation, its subsidiaries and authorized distributors provides product and/or system options for further
investigation by users having technical expertise. It is important that you analyze all aspects of your application and review the information concerning the product or
system in the current product catalog. Due to the variety of operating conditions and applications for these products or systems, the user, through his or her own analysis
and testing, is solely responsible for making the final selection of the products and systems and assuring that all performance, safety and warning requirements of the
application are met.
The products describes herein, including without limitation, product features, specifications, designs, availability and pricing, are subject to change by Parker Hannifin
Corporation and its subsidiaries at any time without notice.
OFFER OF SALE
The items described in this document are hereby offered for sale by Parker Hannifin Corporation, its subsidiaries and its authorized distributors. This offer and its
acceptance are governed by the provisions stated on the separate page of this document entitled “Offer of Sale.”
Copyright © 1999, 2001, Parker Hannifin Corporation, Cleveland, OH. All rights reserved.
5700 Handbook
Parker O-Ring Handbook
Table of
Contents
I
. Introduction
II. Basic O-Ring Elastomers
III. O-Ring Applications
IV. Static O-Ring Sealing
V. Dynamic O-Ring Sealing
VI. Back-Up Rings
VII. Compatibility Tables for Gases, Fluids, Solids
VIII. Specifications
IX. Sizes
X. Appendix
XI. Index
i
Parker Hannifin Corporation • O-Ring Division
2360 Palumbo Drive, Lexington, KY 40509
Phone: (859) 269-2351 • Fax: (859) 335-5128
www.parker.com/o-ring
Seals
Build With The Best!
5700 Handbook
Introduction
Parker O-Ring Handbook
Section I
Introduction
1.0 How to Use This Handbook .................................................................................................................... 1-2
1.1 What is an O-ring?............................................................................................................................ 1-2
1.2 What is an O-ring Seal? .................................................................................................................... 1-2
1.3 Advantages of O-rings ...................................................................................................................... 1-2
1.4 Operation ......................................................................................................................................... 1-3
1.5 O-ring Characteristics....................................................................................................................... 1-3
1.6 Limitations of O-ring Use ................................................................................................................ 1-4
1.7 Scope of O-ring Use ......................................................................................................................... 1-4
1.7.1 Static Seals................................................................................................................................ 1-5
1.7.2 Reciprocating Seals .................................................................................................................. 1-5
1.7.3 Oscillating Seals ....................................................................................................................... 1-5
1.7.4 Rotary Seals .............................................................................................................................. 1-5
1.7.5 Seat Seals .................................................................................................................................. 1-6
1.7.6 Pneumatic Seals ........................................................................................................................ 1-6
1.7.7 Vacuum Seals ............................................................................................................................ 1-6
1.7.8 Cushion Installation .................................................................................................................. 1-6
1.7.9 Crush Installation...................................................................................................................... 1-6
1.7.10 Rod Wiper Installation ............................................................................................................ 1-6
1.8 O-rings as Drive Belts ...................................................................................................................... 1-7
1.9 Custom Molded Shapes .................................................................................................................... 1-7
1.10 Parker Engineering ......................................................................................................................... 1-7
1.11 Comparison of Common Seal Types .............................................................................................. 1-7
1.12 Recommended Design Procedure .................................................................................................. 1-7
1.12.1 O-Ring Design Procedure Using
inPHorm™ O-Ring Design & Material Selection Software ................................................. 1-8
1.12.2 Recommended Manual Design Procedure ............................................................................. 1-8
inPHorm™ is a trademark of Parker Hannifin Corporation.
1-1
Parker Hannifin Corporation • O-Ring Division
2360 Palumbo Drive, Lexington, KY 40509
Phone: (859) 269-2351 • Fax: (859) 335-5128
www.parker.com/o-ring
Seals
Build With The Best!
5700 Handbook
Introduction
Parker O-Ring Handbook
I n t ro d u c t i o n
Figure 1-1: Basic O-ring
Groove
Bore
1.0 How to Use This Handbook
For those who are unfamiliar with O-ring design, it is
recommended that they first study this introductory sec-
tion, becoming familiar with the basic principles of O-ring
seals, their common uses and general limitations.
A basic glossary of O-ring and other sealing terms is
available in the Appendix, Section X, which may be
consulted if unfamiliar words or technical terms are
encountered. The seal design portions of this handbook
explain in detail the design process required depending on
the application.
Those who are already familiar with O-ring seal design may
simply refer to the appropriate design tables for the infor-
mation needed. Even those who have designed many O-
ring seals, however, may profit by reviewing the basics
from time to time.
Piston Rod
Figure 1-2: Basic Gland
Figure 1-3: Gland and O-ring Seal
1.1 What is an O-ring?
An O-ring is a torus, or doughnut-shaped ring, generally
molded from an elastomer, although O-rings are also made
from PTFE and other thermoplastic materials, as well as
metals, both hollow and solid. This handbook, however,
deals entirely with elastomeric O-rings.
O-rings are used primarily for sealing. The various types of
O-ring seals are described in this section under “Scope of
O-Ring Use.” O-rings are also used as light-duty, mechani-
cal drive belts. More information, including design criteria
on O-ring drive belts and their application will be found in
O-Ring Applications, Section III.
O-ring (Figures 1-2 and 1-3). The combination of these two
elements; O-ring and gland — constitute the classic O-ring
seal assembly.
1.3 Advantages of O-rings
• They seal over a wide range of pressure, temperature
and tolerance.
• Ease of service, no smearing or retightening.
• No critical torque on tightening, therefore unlikely to
cause structural damage.
• O-rings normally require very little room and are light
in weight.
• In many cases an O-ring can be reused, an advantage
over non-elastic flat seals and crush-type gaskets.
• The duration of life in the correct application corre-
sponds to the normal aging period of the O-ring material.
• O-ring failure is normally gradual and easily identified.
• Where differing amounts of compression effect the
seal function (as with flat gaskets), an O-ring is not
effected because metal to metal contact is generally
allowed for.
• They are cost-effective.
Parker Hannifin Corporation • O-Ring Division
2360 Palumbo Drive, Lexington, KY 40509
Phone: (859) 269-2351 • Fax: (859) 335-5128
www.parker.com/o-ring
1.2 What is an O-ring Seal?
An O-ring seal is used to prevent the loss of a fluid or gas.
The seal assembly consists of an elastomer O-ring and a
gland. An O-ring is a circular cross-section ring molded
from rubber (Figure 1-1). The gland — usually cut into
metal or another rigid material — contains and supports the
1-2
Seals
Build With The Best!

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